{"id":77645,"date":"2022-12-06T16:33:40","date_gmt":"2022-12-06T08:33:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/vidaorange\/?p=77645"},"modified":"2022-12-06T16:33:40","modified_gmt":"2022-12-06T08:33:40","slug":"frances-allen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/vidaorange\/2022\/12\/06\/frances-allen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7372\u5f97\u5716\u9748\u734e\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\uff01\u6253\u7834\u73bb\u7483\u5929\u82b1\u677f\u7684 Frances Allen"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u6587 \/ \u6c99\u73ee\u7426\uff08\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u89c0\u5712\u7279\u7d04\u7de8\u8f2f\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u6709\u60f3\u904e\u4e00\u4f4d\u9ad8\u4e2d\u8001\u5e2b\u7adf\u7136\u80fd\u6416\u8eab\u4e00\u8b8a\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u300d\u7684\u8001\u5e2b\u55ce\uff1f\u6cd5\u862d\uff0e\u827e\u502b\uff08Frances Allen\uff09\u505a\u5230\u4e86\uff01\u5979\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u6027 IBM \u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7372\u5f97\u5716\u9748\u734e\uff08ACM A. M. Turing Award\uff09\u7684\u5973\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u64da\u67cf\u514b\u840a\u5927\u5b78\u8a0a\u606f\u6280\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u69ae\u8b7d\u6559\u6388 Dr. Ruzena Bajcsy \u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u73fe\u4eca\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u5728\u5546\u696d\u9084\u662f\u79d1\u6280\u4e0a\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u90fd\u8207\u6cd5\u862d\uff0e\u827e\u502b\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u6709\u8457\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u7372\u5f97\u5716\u9748\u734e\u7684\u6cd5\u862d\uff0e\u827e\u502b\u904e\u53bb\u66fe\u5354\u52a9\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u5c40\uff08NSA\uff09\u9032\u884c\u5bc6\u78bc\u7834\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8c\u6230\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u5354\u52a9\u7834\u8b6f\u5fb7\u570b\u6a5f\u5bc6\u8ecd\u4e8b\u5bc6\u78bc\u7684\u827e\u502b\uff0e\u5716\u9748\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5716\u9748\u734e\u9805\u540d\u7a31\u7684\u7531\u4f86\u3002\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5de7\u5408\uff0c\u5f77\u5f7f\u51a5\u51a5\u4e4b\u4e2d\u65e9\u5df2\u6ce8\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u827e\u502b\u4ee5\u512a\u5316\u96fb\u8166\u8edf\u9ad4\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u96fb\u8166\u7cfb\u7d71\u800c\u805e\u540d\uff0c\u5728\u8edf\u9ad4\u7de8\u8b6f\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u4e5f\u76f8\u7576\u5177\u6709\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\u3002\u5728 IBM \u5de5\u4f5c\u7684 45 \u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5979\u8b93\u8edf\u9ad4\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u80fd\u7522\u51fa\u66f4\u5f37\u7684\u4ee3\u78bc\uff08code\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u8b93\u8d85\u7d1a\u96fb\u8166\u548c\u5e73\u884c\u904b\u7b97\uff08parallel computing\uff09\u5feb\u901f\u9032\u6b65\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u5fc5\u9808\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u623f\u9593\u4e00\u6a23\u5927\u7684\u8d85\u5927\u578b\u96fb\u8166\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u7684\u96fb\u8166\u4e0d\u50c5\u9ad4\u578b\u9f90\u5927\uff0c\u4e5f\u76f8\u7576\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8edf\u9ad4\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u5fc5\u9808\u624b\u52d5\u756b\u5361\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u82b1\u8a31\u591a\u6642\u9593\u60f3\u8fa6\u6cd5\u8b93\u904b\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u7de9\u6162\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4\u8dd1\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5979\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\u81f4\u529b\u512a\u5316\u7de8\u8b6f\u5668\uff08Optimizing compiler\uff09\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u73fe\u4ee3\u96fb\u8166\u7de8\u8b6f\u6280\u8853\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u8b93\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u4e5f\u80fd\u70ba\u96fb\u8166\u3001\u624b\u6a5f\u548c\u7db2\u7ad9\u7de8\u5beb\u5feb\u901f\u53c8\u6709\u7528\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4\u3002\u7a76\u7adf\u5979\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u958b\u62d3\u9019\u500b\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f9e\u4e00\u4f4d\u9ad8\u4e2d\u8001\u5e2b\uff0c\u8b8a\u6210\u96fb\u8166\u5927\u5e2b\u7684\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

\u6210\u529f\u8ffd\u5230\u6559\u5e2b\u5922\u7684\u8fb2\u6751\u5973\u5b69\uff0c\u9032\u4fee\u5b78\u7fd2\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u7a0b\u5f0f\u77e5\u8b58<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u6cd5\u862d\uff0e\u827e\u502b 1932 \u5e74 8 \u6708 4 \u65e5\u51fa\u751f\uff0c\u4e26\u6210\u9577\u65bc\u4e00\u5ea7\u8fb2\u5834\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7238\u7238\u662f\u8fb2\u592b\u3001\u5abd\u5abd\u662f\u8001\u5e2b\uff0c\u800c\u5979\u662f\u5bb6\u4e2d\u516d\u500b\u5b69\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u8001\u5927\u3002\u5979\u7684\u5e74\u5c11\u6642\u5149\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8b80\u66f8\uff0c\u4e5f\u6642\u5e38\u5728\u8fb2\u5834\u4e2d\u5e6b\u5fd9\uff0c\u64e0\u5976\u3001\u8fb2\u52d9\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u6cd5\u862d\uff0e\u827e\u502b\u6df1\u6df1\u53d7\u5230\u6578\u5b78\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u555f\u767c\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u8981\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u4f4d\u6578\u5b78\u8001\u5e2b\uff1b\u7acb\u5b9a\u5fd7\u5411\u5f8c\uff0c\u5979\u4fbf\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u8173\u5370\u5730\u671d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u9081\u9032\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u4ee5\u512a\u79c0\u7684\u6210\u7e3e\u5f9e\u7576\u5730\u9ad8\u4e2d\u7562\u696d\uff0c\u66f4\u9806\u5229\u9032\u5165\u4e86\u7d10\u7d04\u5dde\u7acb\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5b78\u9662\uff08\u73fe\u70ba\u7d10\u7d04\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b78\u5967\u723e\u5df4\u5c3c\u5206\u6821\uff09\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u6578\u5b78\u5b78\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u9084\u8f14\u4fee\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u8207\u6559\u80b2\u5b78\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7562\u696d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5979\u56de\u5230\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6bcd\u6821\u6559\u4e86\u5169\u5e74\u6578\u5b78\uff0c\u537b\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u6311\u6230\u3002\u539f\u4f86\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u7576\u6642\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u6cd5\u862d\uff0e\u827e\u502b\u9700\u8981\u7372\u5f97\u78a9\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u64c1\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6559\u5e2b\u8cc7\u683c\u8a8d\u8b49\u3002\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u5979\u958b\u59cb\u9032\u4fee\uff0c\u5148\u5728\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u5927\u5b78\u8b80\u4e86\u6691\u671f\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u5728\u5bc6\u897f\u6839\u5927\u5b78\u5b89\u5a1c\u5821\u5206\u6821\u9806\u5229\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u78a9\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u9019\u6bb5\u9032\u4fee\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u6cd5\u862d\uff0e\u827e\u502b\u5b78\u7fd2\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u8ddf\u8457 MAD \u9019\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u5171\u540c\u958b\u767c\u8005 Bernard Galler \u5b78\u7fd2\u5982\u4f55\u7de8\u8f2f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u771f\u7a7a\u7ba1\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f IBM 650\u3002\u9019\u6bb5\u6b77\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b64\u70ba\u5979\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u958b\u62d3\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u65b0\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

\u70ba\u9084\u5b78\u8cb8\u524d\u9032 IBM\uff0c\u4e00\u5f85\u5c31\u662f 40 \u5e74<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

IBM \u5728\u64f4\u5f35\u7d44\u7e54\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u53ec\u52df\u5404\u7a2e\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u5bc6\u897f\u6839\u6821\u5340\u8209\u8fa6\u4e86\u9762\u8a66\u3002\u6cd5\u862d\uff0e\u827e\u502b\u4fbf\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86 IBM \u7684\u9080\u8acb\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u9032\u5165\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u597d\u597d\u8cfa\u9322\u9084\u5b8c\u5b78\u8cb8\uff0c\u518d\u56de\u53bb\u7576\u8001\u5e2b\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5728 IBM \u4e00\u5f85\u5c31\u5f85\u4e86 45 \u5e74\uff01<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u862d\uff0e\u827e\u502b\u5728 1957 \u5e74 7 \u6708 15 \u65e5\u6b63\u5f0f\u52a0\u5165 IBM\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u4efb\u52d9\u5c31\u5145\u6eff\u6311\u6230\u3002\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u7a31\u70ba\u300cFORTRAN\u300d\uff08\u798f\u50b3\u8a9e\u8a00\uff09\u7684\u9ad8\u968e\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u624d\u525b\u525b\u767c\u5e03\u4e0d\u5230\u5169\u500b\u6708\uff0c\u800c\u6cd5\u862d\uff0e\u827e\u502b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6559 IBM \u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u518d\u63a8\u5ee3\u7d66 IBM \u7684\u5ba2\u6236\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u8981\u6559\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u8001\u5e2b\u7576\u7136\u5f97\u5148\u5b78\u6703\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u77ad\u89e3\u9019\u7a2e\u65b0\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u6cd5\u862d\uff0e\u827e\u502b\u8b80\u4e86 FORTRAN \u7684\u539f\u59cb\u78bc\uff08Source code\uff09\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e5f\u8868\u793a\u9019\u4e9b\u4ee3\u78bc\u300c\u6fc0\u767c\u4e86\u5979\u5c0d\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7de8\u5beb\u7684\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u5979\u5c0d\u7de8\u8b6f\u5668\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e86 FORTRAN \u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u5011\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7528\u8f38\u5165\u300c0\u300d\u3001\u300c1\u300d\u4f86\u64cd\u4f5c\u96fb\u8166\uff0c\u800c\u80fd\u7528\u66f4\u76f4\u89c0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8f38\u5165\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u8b93\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7de8\u5beb\u66f4\u52a0\u5feb\u901f\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5927\u5e45\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5165\u9580\u9580\u6abb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6295\u5165\u5168\u65b0\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u958b\u767c\uff0c\u6253\u7834\u96fb\u8166\u754c\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u5929\u82b1\u677f<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u9664\u4e86\u9032\u884c FORTRAN \u7684\u6559\u5b78\uff0c\u6cd5\u862d\uff0e\u827e\u502b\u66f4\u70ba IBM Research \u958b\u767c\u5c16\u7aef\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u7de8\u8b6f\u5668\u3002\u827e\u502b\u5728 1960 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u6295\u5165\u4e86 IBM \u7684\u300cStretch-HARVEST\u300d\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u5354\u52a9\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u5c40\uff08NSA\uff09\u9032\u884c\u5bc6\u78bc\u7834\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u5c40\u7684\u300cStretch-HARVEST\u300d\u8a08\u756b\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8981\u5206\u6790\u7f8e\u570b\u9593\u8adc\u5728\u5168\u7403\u76e3\u807d\u7ad9\u622a\u7372\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u3002\u827e\u502b\u5e6b\u52a9\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6240\u7528\u6a5f\u5668\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u7de8\u8b6f\u5668\u3002\u5728\u96fb\u8166\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u7de8\u8b6f\u5668\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u5f88\u5dee\u3002\u8edf\u9ad4\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u786c\u9ad4\u7d30\u7bc0\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u7de8\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7576\u7de8\u8b6f\u5668\u5c07\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8f49\u63db\u6210 1 \u548c 0 \u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u4e0a\u592a\u591a\u6642\u9593\u3001\u4e5f\u5360\u7528\u4e86\u592a\u591a\u7a7a\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u8d85\u7d1a\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u300cStretch\u300d\u525b\u525b\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u800c\u70ba\u4e86\u8981\u8655\u7406\u5404\u5f0f\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u827e\u502b\u8207\u5718\u968a\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7de8\u8b6f\u5668\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u7d0d\u5165\u4e86 FORTRAN\u3001Autocoder\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00 Alpha\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6846\u67b6\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u512a\u5316\u7684\u5f8c\u7aef\uff0c\u70ba\u8d85\u7d1a\u96fb\u8166\u300cStretch\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5354\u540c\u8655\u7406\u5668\u300cHARVEST\u300d\u751f\u51fa\u4ee3\u78bc\uff08Code\uff09\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6311\u6230\u96d6\u7136\u975e\u5e38\u8271\u96e3\uff0c\u827e\u502b\u8207\u5718\u968a\u6700\u7d42\u4ecd\u7136\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4efb\u52d9\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u827e\u502b\u4e0d\u50c5\u6210\u70ba\u4e86 IBM \u7684\u69ae\u8b7d\u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u66f4\u7372\u5f97\u4e862006 \u5e74\u5716\u9748\u734e\u3001IEEE \u540c\u540d\u734e\u7ae0\u7b49\u7b49\u6b8a\u69ae\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u5979\u6700\u53b2\u5bb3\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u300c\u5148\u5beb\u51fa\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u60f3\u8fa6\u6cd5\u8b93\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u5b78\u6703\u300d\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u52aa\u529b\u300c\u7528\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u300d\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u4ed8\u51fa\uff0c\u624d\u8b93\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7de8\u5beb\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7c21\u55ae\u3002<\/p>\n

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