{"id":3446,"date":"2015-04-15T14:37:17","date_gmt":"2015-04-15T06:37:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/vidaorange\/2015\/04\/15\/peril-jaune\/"},"modified":"2015-04-15T14:37:17","modified_gmt":"2015-04-15T06:37:17","slug":"peril-jaune","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/vidaorange\/2015\/04\/15\/peril-jaune\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6771\u4e9e\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u767d\u4eba\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u773c\u4e2d\u70ba\u4f55\u6c92\u6709\u300c\u9ec3\u7a2e\u4eba\u300d\u9019\u56de\u4e8b\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"\/vidaorange\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2015\/04\/Figure-15_ligter.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-9290\" src=\"\/vidaorange\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2015\/04\/Figure-15_ligter-1024x789.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 15_ligter\" width=\"597\" height=\"460\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u5716\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u9ec3\u798d\u300d\uff0c\u53d6\u81ea\u300a\u54c8\u6f51\u9031\u520a\u300b\uff08<em>Harper\u2019s Weekly<\/em>\uff09\uff081898\uff09\u3002\u9019\u5e45\u756b\u662f\u6a21\u4eff\u4e00\u5e45\u5fb7\u7687\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u7684\u756b\u4f5c\u800c\u7e6a\u88fd\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u756b\u4e2d\u7684\u5c11\u5973\u4ee3\u8868\u6b50\u6d32\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u63a5\u53d7\u865f\u53ec\u800c\u4f86\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u652f\u57fa\u7763\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u5e95\u4e0b\u5c0d\u6297\u4f86\u81ea\u6771\u65b9\u7684\u5a01\u8105\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u5750\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u7159\u706b\u96f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4f5b\u9640\u3002\u756b\u9762\u5e95\u90e8\u4e2d\u9593\u6709\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u7684\u624b\u5beb\u984c\u8a5e\uff0c\u4e26\u9644\u4e0a\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff1a\u300c\u6b50\u6d32\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\uff01\u52a0\u5165\u634d\u885b\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8207\u5bb6\u5712\u7684\u6230\u5f79\uff01\u300d\u666e\u6797\u65af\u9813\u5927\u5b78\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">\u300c\u9ec3\u798d\u300d\uff1a\u81ea\u9060\u6771\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u300c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u7a2e\u300d\u5a01\u8105\uff0c1895-1920<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6211\u66fe\u4e0d\u65b7\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u8981\u5224\u65b7\u6771\u4e9e\u4eba\u662f\u5728\u54ea\u4e00\u523b\u7a81\u7136\u300c\u8b8a\u9ec3\u300d\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u9ebc\u56f0\u96e3\u3002<strong>\u5728\u6771\u4e9e\u4eba\u6700\u521d\u8207\u897f\u65b9\u76f8\u9047\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e00\u81f4\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u300c\u767d\u76ae\u819a\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u5118\u7ba1\u5f8c\u4f86\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u819a\u8272\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u773c\u4e2d\u9010\u6f38\u8b8a\u6df1\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u984f\u8272\uff0c\u59cb\u7d42\u83ab\u8877\u4e00\u662f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u88ab\u6df7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6b78\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u7a31\u70ba<strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u300c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u7a2e\u300d<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u65b0\u7a2e\u65cf\u985e\u5225\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u822c\u6240\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u300c\u9ec3\u7a2e\u4eba\u300d\u3002\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u90a3\u6642\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u984f\u8272\u540d\u8a5e\u4eba\u5011\u9084\u662f\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u665a\u671f\u8207\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u671f\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u958b\u59cb\u9762\u5c0d\u300c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u7279\u8cea\u300d\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u4ee5\u5404\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e88\u4ee5\u91cf\u5316\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u300c\u9ec3\u76ae\u819a\u300d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6210\u70ba\u6771\u4e9e\u4eba\u8eab\u9ad4\u70ba\u4eba\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u300d\u6771\u4e9e\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u76f4\u5230\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u624d\u5b8c\u5168\u4f54\u64da\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u300c\u9ec3\u798d\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u4e2d\u6210\u5f62\uff0c\u8c61\u5fb5\u6b64\u6642\u9060\u6771\u4eba\u6240\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u611f\u3002\u9019\u6642\u5019\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u300d\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e0d\u4f46\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4e5f\u8f49\u9032\u4e86\u6771\u4e9e\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u3001\u53cd\u61c9\u53ca\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u878d\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5728\u958b\u59cb\u6aa2\u8996\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u300c\u6771\u65b9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u6240\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u662f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u300c\u9ec3\u76ae\u819a\u300d\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u70ba\u6771\u65b9\u300c\u798d\u5bb3\u300d\u7684\u8868\u5fb5\u6642\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u624d\u4e00\u81f4\u8a8d\u70ba\u6771\u65b9\u4eba\u7684\u76ae\u819a\u78ba\u5be6\u70ba\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u300d\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u7dca\u7dca\u51dd\u805a\u6578\u767e\u5e74\u4f86\u7dca\u5bc6\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u300c\u9ec3\u76ae\u819a\u300d\u3001\u591a\u6b21\u300c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u7a2e\u300d\u4fb5\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a72\u5730\u5340\u79fb\u6c11\u81f3\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u99ed\u4eba\u5f62\u8c61\u300201<\/p>\n<p><em>\u539f\u8a3b\uff1a01<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u91d1\u5e33\u6c57\u570b\uff08\u53c8\u540d\u6b3d\u5bdf\u6c57\u570b\uff0c\u540d\u7a31\u7531\u4f86\u5927\u6982\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u9996\u9818\u5e33\u7bf7\u7684\u984f\u8272\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u8996\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u6046\u7b49\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5c31\u6211\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u5f9e\u672a\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u5230\u5b83\u8207\u6771\u4e9e\u4eba\uff08 \u6216\u300c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u7a2e\u300d\uff09 \u7684\u819a\u8272\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u9019\u500b<\/em><em>\u540d\u8a5e\u51fa\u73fe\u5f97\u5f88\u65e9\uff1a \u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\u6587\u751f\u2027 \u4f2f\u6590\u5831\u544a\u4e2d\u5361\u8cd3\u5c3c\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\uff08Texts and Versions of John de Plano Carpini , 100\uff09\u3002\u4ea6\u8acb\u898bSerruys, \u201cMongol Altan \u02bbGold\u02bc = \u02bbImperial\u02bc \u201d\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u300d\u985e\u5225\uff0c\u8acb\u898bBaddeley, Russia , 2:60.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u9019\u500b\u5371\u6a5f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u5011\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5b57\u773c\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u570b\u6216\u65e5\u672c\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u819a\u8272\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u9069\u7576\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u6050\u61fc\u6216\u7126\u616e\u3002\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u90a3\u6bd4\u8f03\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d\u65bc\u7121\u95dc\u7dca\u8981\u7684\u6771\u897f\u8208\u8da3\u7f3a\u7f3a\u7684\u5fc3\u614b\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e26\u975e\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u767d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u7559\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6771\u4e9e\u79fb\u6c11\u771f\u7684\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6d77\u5cb8\u8207\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u5340\u88e1\uff0c\u300c\u7a2e\u65cf\u5316\u300d\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5c31\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u751a\u4ee5\u5f80\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u300c\u91ce\u883b\u300d\u6771\u65b9\u7684\u6050\u61fc\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u4e2d\u8207\u5371\u96aa\u5283\u4e0a\u7b49\u865f\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u4fb5\u7565\u8005\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u537b\u8b8a\u5316\u6975\u5927\uff1a\u6ce2\u65af\u4eba\u3001\u585e\u897f\u4e9e\u4eba\u3001\u5df4\u5e95\u4e9e\u4eba\u3001\u5308\u5974\u4eba\u3001\u7a81\u53a5\u4eba\u3001\u97c3\u977c\u4eba\u3001\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u5e03\u76e7\u9580\u5df4\u8d6b\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u7a2e\u300d\u5206\u985e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u8005\u5409\u670b\uff08Edward Gibbon\uff09\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5225\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0d\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6771\u5317\u300c\u904a\u7267\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u662f\u7f85\u99ac\u5e1d\u570b\u74e6\u89e3\u7684\u4e3b\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u516b\u4e00\u4e5d\u5e74\uff0c\u5a01\u5ec9\uff0e\u52de\u502b\u65af\u5c07\u300c\u8499\u53e4\u90e8\u843d\u300d\u5f62\u5bb9\u6210\u300c\u5b9b\u5982\u6d2a\u6c34\u3001\u9f8d\u6372\u98a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u98b6\u98a8\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e00\u516b\u56db\u516b\u5e74\uff0c\u885b\u4e09\u754f\uff08S. Wells Williams\uff09\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u4e2d\u570b\u7814\u7a76\u8ac7\u5230\u300c\u5982\u8757\u87f2\u58d3\u5883\u300d\u7684\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u4e00\u5ea6\u300c\u6a6b\u884c\u65bc\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u4e2d\u570b\u3001\u6558\u5229\u4e9e\u3001\u57c3\u53ca\u8207\u6771\u6b50\u7684\u5e73\u539f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u516b\u4e03\u25cb\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c<strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u4e2d\u570b\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u6050\u6016\u300d\uff08<em>gelbe Schrecken<\/em>\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4e00\u516b\u4e03\u4e03\u5e74\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u963f\u66fc\uff0e\u5361\u7279\u52d2\u6cd5\u65e5\uff08Armand de _uatrefages\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u5f35\u5730\u5716\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u986f\u793a\u8499\u53e4\u300c\u9ec3\u7a2e\u4eba\u300d\u4f54\u4e86\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u56db\u5341\u56db\u3002\u4e00\u516b\u516b\u25cb\u5e74\uff0c\u53e4\u6bd4\u8afe\u751a\u81f3\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u767c\u751f\u300c\u6771\u65b9\u4eba\u79fb\u5165\u6b50\u6d32\u300d\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73fe\u300c\u65b0\u7684\u516c\u5143\u4e94\u4e16\u7d00\u300d\uff1b\u5728\u4ed6\u6b7b\u5f8c\u624d\u65bc\u4e00\u516b\u516b\u4e03\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u672c\u8457\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u53f2\u8a69\u5de8\u8457\uff0c\u63cf\u5beb\u4e86\u90a3\u6a23\u4e00\u5834\u300c\u767d\u7a2e\u4eba\u300d\u8207\u300c\u9ec3\u7a2e\u4eba\u300d\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6230\u5f79\u300202<\/p>\n<p><em>\u539f\u8a3b\uff1a02<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Gibbon, Decline and Fall , 1:899-956, 2:243-299; Lawrence, Lectures on Physiology , 483; William, Middle Kingdom , 1:39; Ratzel, Die chinesische Auswanderung, vi , 234- 235; Quatrefages, L\u02bcesp\u00e8ce humaine , 411; Gobineau, Oeuvres , 3 : x l v i i ; B l u e , \u201cGobineau on China.\u201d<\/em><br \/>\n\u4f46\u662f\u96a8\u8457\u300c\u9ec3\u798d\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u5728\u4e00\u516b\u4e5d\u4e94\u5e74\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u6771\u4e9e\u4eba\u65e2\u662f\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u300d\u53c8\u662f\u798d\u5bb3\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u8b8a\u5f97\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u5728\u4f60\u5e7e\u4e4e\u60f3\u50cf\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b78\u8853\u8207\u5927\u773e\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u90fd\u770b\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u80fd\u5920\u8de8\u8d8a\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u754c\u9650\u3002\u6771\u4e9e\u4eba\u6b64\u6642\u7d55\u5c0d\u662f\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u300d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u662f<em>peril jaune<\/em>\u3001<em>pericolo giallo<\/em>\uff0c \u6216<em>gelbe Gefahr<\/em>\uff08 \u5747\u70ba\u300c\u9ec3\u798d\u300d\u4e4b\u610f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u5e7e\u9805\u73fe\u4ee3\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u6982\u8ff0\u9019\u4e9b\u540d\u8a5e\u7684\u9a5a\u4eba\u8907\u96dc\u6027\uff1b \u6700\u597d\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\u4e4b\u4e00\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7406\u67e5\uff0e \u5967\u65af\u6c40\uff0e \u6e6f\u666e\u68ee\uff08Richard Austin Thompson\uff09\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u4e03\u5e74\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u5b83\u51fa\u8272\u5730\u8b49\u660e\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u9ec3\u798d\u300d\u9ad4\u73fe\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u8a31\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7126\u616e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u64d4\u5fc3\u7684\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u6771\u4e9e\u79fb\u6c11\u53ef\u80fd\u5927\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u8ecd\u4e8b\u4fb5\u7565\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u7af6\u722d\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u9000\u5316\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6050\u61fc\u6240\u5bb3\u6015\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u540c\u6a23\u98c4\u5ffd\u4e0d\u5b9a\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u5927\u773e\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u6216\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u7279\u8cea\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u7d93\u5e38\u8b8a\u63db\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u67d0\u4e00\u7d44\u7279\u8cea\u906d\u8b74\u8cac\u70ba\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6575\u4eba\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7d44\u537b\u53d7\u5230\u8b9a\u8cde\u300203<\/p>\n<p><em>\u539f\u8a3b\uff1a03<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Thompson, The Yellow Peril . \u4ea6\u8acb\u898bGollwitzer, Die gelbe Gefahr ; Laffey, Imperialism and deology , 70-94; Decornoy, P\u00e9ril jaune, peur blanche ; Mehnert, Deutschland, Amerika unddie \u201cgelbe efahr\u201d ; Miller, The Unwelcome Immigrant; McClellan, The HeathenChinee ; Markus, Fear and Hatred ; Wu, The Yellow Peril; Blue, \u201cGobineau on\u00a0China\u201d; Lye, America\u02bcs Asia ; \u4ee5\u53ca Lyman, \u201cThe \u02bbYellow Peril\u02bc Mystique.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\uff0c\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u591a\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u5de5\u4eba\u5df2\u7d93\u4f86\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u897f\u90e8\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8207\u6fb3\u6d32\u7b49\u5730\u6316\u91d1\u7926\u6216\u4fee\u7bc9\u9435\u8def\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u88ab\u9119\u8996\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5176\u8207\u897f\u65b9\u5de5\u4eba\u540c\u5de5\u4e0d\u540c\u916c\uff0c\u6536\u53d6\u4f4e\u5ec9\u7684\u5831\u916c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u505a\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u4e00\u516b\u4e5d\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u65e5\u7532\u5348\u6230\u722d\uff08\u53c8\u7a31\u300c\u9ec3\u6230\u300d\uff09\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u5c0d\u65e5\u672c\u6e34\u671b\u6210\u70ba\u5e1d\u570b\u5f37\u6b0a\u7684\u6050\u61fc\u2014\u9019\u500b\u5c0f\u570b\u6b63\u5f0f\u5c0d\u5916\u958b\u653e\u50c5\u50c5\u56db\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u64ca\u6557\u6bd4\u5b83\u4eba\u53e3\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9f90\u5927\u9130\u570b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e5d\u25cb\u25cb\u5e74\u7684\u7fa9\u548c\u5718\u904b\u52d5\u4e5f\u5f15\u8d77\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u7126\u616e\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u5343\u767e\u842c\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u5f9e\u6416\u6416\u6b32\u589c\u7684\u5927\u6e05\u5e1d\u570b\u51fa\u8d70\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6253\u8d0f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e5d\u25cb\u4e94\u5e74\u7684\u65e5\u4fc4\u6230\u722d\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u70ba\u897f\u65b9\u5c0d\u300c\u6587\u660e\u300d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u638c\u63a7\u5283\u4e0b\u53e5\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4e9b\u6050\u61fc\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u5716\u9a30\u662f\u4e00\u516b\u4e5d\u4e94\u5e74\u4e00\u5e45\u5ee3\u70ba\u6563\u4f48\u7684\u7248\u756b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6a21\u4eff\u4e00\u5e45\u5fb7\u7687\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u7684\u756b\u4f5c\u800c\u7e6a\u88fd\u5b8c\u6210\uff08\u898b\u5716\u5341\u4e94\uff09\u3002\u756b\u540d\u662f\u5728\u4f55\u6642\u52a0\u4e0a\u53bb\u7684\u4e26\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5b83\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u7372\u5f97\u300a\u9ec3\u798d\u300b\u9019\u500b\u7a31\u865f\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u4e5f\u8fc5\u901f\u6210\u70ba\u4ee3\u8868\u6771\u65b9\u300c\u72c0\u6cc1\u300d\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u8a9e\u300204<\/p>\n<p><em>\u539f\u8a3b\uff1a04<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u5728\u82f1\u8a9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5f62\u8c61\u900f\u904e\u4e0b\u5217\u7684\u5831\u520a\u5ee3\u70ba\u50b3\u64ad\uff1aHarper\u02bcs Weekly (\u201cA Picture by Emperor William\u201d); Review of Reviews for January 1986; and Diosy, The New Far East \uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u5e7e\u500b\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u5e45\u5bd3\u610f\u756b\uff0c\u9060\u6771\u5341\u5206\u660e\u986f\u5730\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u5371\u6a5f\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u756b\u4e2d\u4ee3\u8868\u5b83\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u5c0a\u5750\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u7159\u706b\u96f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4f5b\u9640\u5ea7\u50cf\u3002\u756b\u9762\u5de6\u908a\u7ad9\u8457\u4e00\u7fa4\u8c61\u5fb5\u6b50\u6d32\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5973\u6230\u58eb\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u4fef\u77b0\u8457\u4ecb\u65bc\u5979\u5011\u8207\u9060\u65b9\u70fd\u706b\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7121\u57a0\uff08\u6b50\u6d32\uff09\u8c37\u5730\uff0c\u800c\u865f\u53ec\u5979\u5011\u524d\u4f86\u4f5c\u6230\u7684\u5247\u662f\u62ff\u8457\u4e00\u628a\u706b\u528d\u7684\u5927\u5929\u4f7f\u7c73\u8fe6\u52d2\uff08Michael\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u5e45\u756b\u9084\u6709\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u624b\u5beb\u7684\u984c\u8a5e\uff1a\u300c\u6b50\u6d32\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u634d\u885b\u4f60\u5011\u6700\u795e\u8056\u7684\u9818\u5730\uff01\u300d\uff08<em>Volker Europas wahrt eure heiligsten Guter!<\/em>\uff09\u9019\u4e9b\u6b50\u6d32\u5973\u6230\u58eb\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u5929\u7a7a\u51fa\u73fe\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u662f\u5341\u8db3\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u8c61\u5fb5\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u7576\u7136\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8207\u5fb7\u570b\u5831\u7d19\u4e0a\u67d0\u6b0a\u5a01\u5206\u6790\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u7570\u6559\u5076\u50cf\u300d\u4f5b\u9640\u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\uff0c\u8a72\u5206\u6790\u9084\u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u4f5b\u9640\u5750\u5728\u300c\u6bc0\u6ec5\u4e4b\u9b54\u300d\u4e2d\u570b\u9f8d\u4e0a\u9762\uff08\u5728\u756b\u9762\u4e0a\u96e3\u4ee5\u8fa8\u8b58\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u5718\u96f7\u96e8\u96f2\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5beb\u7d66\u4fc4\u570b\u6c99\u7687\u7684\u4fe1\u51fd\u4e2d\uff0c\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u8ac7\u5230\u634d\u885b\u6b50\u6d32\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u300c\u5927\u9ec3\u7a2e\u4eba\u5165\u4fb5\u300d\u3001\u300c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u8207\u4f5b\u6559\u5165\u4fb5\u300d\u53ca\u300c\u4f5b\u6559\u3001\u7570\u6559\u8207\u91ce\u883b\u5165\u4fb5\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u7279\u6027\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u300205<\/p>\n<p><em>\u539f\u8a3b\uff1a05<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u90a3\u4efd\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u5206\u6790\u53d6\u81ea\u201cThe Far Eastern Situation from a German Standpoint\u201d\uff1b \u5f8c\u4f86 \u300a\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u5831\u300b\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u77ed\u6587 \u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u9019\u500b\u756b\u9762\u4e2d\u6240\u63cf\u7e6a\u7684 \u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u689d\u9f8d\uff08\u201cGerman Sympathies\u201d\uff09\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u4fe1 \u4ef6\uff0c \u8acb\u898bWilhelm II, Briefe , 291-295.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u897f\u65b9\u8a55\u8ad6\u8005\u96a8\u5373\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u8b19\u5351\u3001\u975e\u66b4\u529b\u8207\u6190\u61ab\u7684\u4f5b\u9640\u7adf\u7136\u6210\u70ba\u7834\u58de\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u8457\u5be6\u8af7\u523a\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u662f\u8a31\u591a\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u5c0d\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u62b1\u6301\u7684\u4e00\u5ec2\u60c5\u9858\u7684\u76f2\u76ee\u5fc3\u614b\u3002\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u672c\u8eab\u76f8\u7576\u8457\u8ff7\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u756b\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eba\u751f\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u6b72\u6708\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65b7\u63d0\u5230\u5b83\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u65bc\u4e00\u4e5d\u25cb\u4e94\u5e74\u64ca\u6557\u4fc4\u570b\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u8a18\u4f4f\u6211\u7684\u756b\uff0c\u300d\u4ed6\u5728\u5169\u5e74\u5f8c\u5beb\u4fe1\u7d66\u6c99\u7687\uff0c\u300c\u5b83\u5373\u5c07\u6210\u771f\uff01\u300d\u9019\u5e45\u756b\u7684\u8907\u88fd\u54c1\u639b\u5728\u822a\u5f80\u9060\u6771\u7684\u5fb7\u570b\u6c7d\u8239\uff0c\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u751a\u81f3\u5c07\u5b83\u5370\u5728\u660e\u4fe1\u7247\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u9084\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7528\u5b83\u5011\u4f86\u901a\u4fe1\u8a31\u591a\u5e74\u300206<\/p>\n<p><em>\u539f\u8a3b\uff1a06<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Wilhelm II, Briefe , 394; Cecil, Wilhelm II , 2:38; R\u00f6hl, Wilhelm II , 840-841.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u300d\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u53cd\u61c9-<\/strong>The Reception of Yellow in China<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u5ff5\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u8207\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u4e3b\u5f35\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u6311\u9078\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u300d\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6839\u64da\u8207\u8a72\u5730\u5340\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u6587\u672c\u6216\u50b3\u6559\u58eb\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9ad4\u8a8d\u5230\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u300d\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u6839\u64da\u8207\u300c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u300d\u9060\u6771\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7121\u95dc\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u6b77\u53f2\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u5076\u767c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u9060\u6771\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u60c5\u5f62\u537b\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u662f\u610f\u5916\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u300d\uff08\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u7a2e\u300d\uff09\u4eba\u7a2e\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u9069\u7576\u300d\u7684\u984f\u8272\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u4e5f\u88ab\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u62ff\u4f86\u7576\u4f5c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5341\u5206\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u632a\u7528\u4e86\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u7279\u8cea\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u632a\u7528\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5b83\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b\u5730\u7406\u65cf\u7fa4\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u6b8a\u984f\u8272\u7684\u5947\u602a\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u601d\u8003\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\uff08\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u6771\u4e9e\uff09\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u524d\u4f8b\u53ef\u5faa\u3002\u6771\u4e9e\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u6839\u64da\u6027\u5225\u6216\u793e\u6703\u968e\u7d1a\u4f86\u5340\u5206\u819a\u8272\uff0c\u300c\u767d\u8272\u300d\u7684\u4e0a\u5c64\u968e\u7d1a\u64c1\u6709\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u5916\u8868\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u52de\u52d5\u6216\u5f85\u5728\u6236\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u5247\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u9019\u8207\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4e0b\u534a\u8449\u958b\u59cb\u5f15\u9032\u4e2d\u570b\u53ca\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u5206\u985e\u5b78\u6216\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\u4ee5\u53ca\u897f\u65b9\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8a31\u591a\u9818\u57df\u662f\u5169\u56de\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6e05\u671d\u6ec5\u4ea1\u5c0e\u81f4\u8a31\u591a\u62b1\u6301\u6539\u9769\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u8003\u616e\u958b\u59cb\u5f15\u9032\u5de5\u696d\u5316\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u3001\u907a\u50b3\u4ee5\u53ca\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u89c0\u5ff5\u300207<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u8a3b\uff1a07 \u8acb\u898bPusey, China and Charles Darwin .<\/p>\n<p>\u5c0d\u65bc\u897f\u65b9\u7a2e\u65cf\u5206\u985e\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e5f\u65e5\u76ca\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5f80\u5f80\u90fd\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u76f8\u7576\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u8abf\u6574\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u63a5\u53d7\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u5c6c\u65bc\u300c\u9ec3\u7a2e\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u63a1\u7528\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u767d\u4eba\u512a\u8d8a\u89c0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5eb7\u6709\u70ba\u5728\u300a\u5927\u540c\u66f8\u300b\uff08\u7d04\u4e00\u4e5d\u25cb\u4e8c\u5e74\uff09\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u9060\u5927\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u9858\u666f\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u767d\u7a2e\u4eba\u300d\u8207\u300c\u9ec3\u7a2e\u4eba\u300d\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u300c\u5927\u540c\u300d\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u4ee5\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u65b0\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u4ed6\u8d0a\u6210\u5c07\u4e16\u754c\u5283\u5206\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u819a\u8272\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u610f\u300c\u6df1\u8272\u300d\u7a2e\u65cf\u6bd4\u8f03\u4f4e\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u7d66\u4e88\u767d\u4eba\u552f\u4e00\u7279\u6b0a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c07\u300c\u9ec3\u7a2e\u4eba\u300d\u8abf\u6574\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u968e\u7d1a\u300208<\/p>\n<p><em>\u539f\u8a3b\uff1a08<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Tsu, Failure, Nationalism, and Literature , 43-44; Pusey, China , 147-148.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u539f\u8a3b\uff1a09<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u6709\u4e9b\u6539\u9769\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u897f\u65b9\u79d1\u5b78\u5c07\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u6b78\u70ba\u300c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u7a2e\u300d\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1\uff1b \u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ec3\u5e1d\u8acb\u898bDik\u00f6tter, Discourse of Race , 67-71, 86-87\uff1bChow, \u201cImagining\u00a0Boundaries of Blood,\u201d 46-49\uff1b \u4ee5\u53caChow, \u201cNarrating Nation, Race, and National\u00a0Culture,\u201d 58-61.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8a34\u6c42\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u5167\u90e8\u7d93\u5e38\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u50b3\u8aaa\u4e2d\u300c\u7d14\u9ec3\u300d\u6216\u6f22\u4eba\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\u9ec3\u5e1d\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u5316\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u300c\u9ec3\u300d\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u898b\u5f97\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u984f\u8272\uff08\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u59d3\u6c0f\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u5b57\u9084\u4ee3\u8868\u5176\u4ed6\u8a31\u591a\u8c61\u5fb5\u610f\u7fa9\uff09\u3002\u300c\u9ec3\u5e1d\u5b50\u5b6b\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\uff08\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u300c\u708e\u9ec3\u5b50\u5b6b\u300d\uff09\u81f3\u4eca\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u6d77\u5916\u83ef\u50d1\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7b26\u78bc\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u665a\u6e05\u53ca\u6c11\u521d\u671f\u9593\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u76f8\u7576\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6548\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u4e3b\u5f35\u6f22\u4eba\u8207\u795e\u8a71\u9ec3\u5e1d\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u300c\u771f\u300d\u4e2d\u570b\u9700\u8981\u7531\u300c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u300d\u6216\u300c\u5916\u4f86\u300d\u7684\u6e05\u671d\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u624b\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u4f86\u300209<\/p>\n<p><em>\u539f\u8a3b\uff1a09<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u6709\u4e9b\u6539\u9769\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u897f\u65b9\u79d1\u5b78\u5c07\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u6b78\u70ba\u300c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u7a2e\u300d\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1\uff1b \u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ec3\u5e1d\u8acb\u898bDik\u00f6tter, Discourse of Race , 67-71, 86-87\uff1bChow, \u201cImagining\u00a0Boundaries of Blood,\u201d 46-49\uff1b \u4ee5\u53caChow, \u201cNarrating Nation, Race, and National\u00a0Culture,\u201d 58-61.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u95dc\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u4e2d\u91ab\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u6587\u672c\u300a\u9ec3\u5e1d\u5167\u7d93\u300b\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5728\u82f1\u6587\u4e2d\u7c21\u7a31\u300a\u9ec3\u7d93\u300b\uff08<em>Yellow Canon<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u597d\u8ddf\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u91ab\u5b78\u5340\u9694\u958b\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4e26\u975e\u4e2d\u570b\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6709\u638c\u6b0a\u8005\u5c07\u9ec3\u5e1d\u7576\u6210\u6587\u5316\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u5148\u7956\uff0c \u4ee5\u5c0b\u6c42\u6b63\u7d71\u6027\uff0c \u4e0d\u904e\uff0c \u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u5275\u5efa\u8005\u5982\u5b6b\u9038\u4ed9\u78ba\u5be6\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u591a\u7a2e\u65cf\u4eba\u53e3\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u8f03\u5177\u6574\u5408\u6027\u7684\u9858\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u69cb\u60f3\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u985e\u5225\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u300c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7d1a\u662f\u4eba\u7a2e\uff0c\u300d\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u4e09\u6c11\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300b\u4e2d\u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u300c\u6709\u767d\u8272\u3001\u9ed1\u8272\u3001\u7d05\u8272\u3001\u9ec3\u8272\u3001\u68d5\u8272\u4e94\u7a2e\u4e4b\u5206\u2026\u2026\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u9ec3\u8272\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u6839\u6e90\u9ec3\u8272\u8840\u7d71\u800c\u6210\u3002\u300d\u4e0d\u904e\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u660e\u986f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8272\u78bc\u5f97\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u7b2c\u4e00\u9762\u570b\u65d7\u7a31\u70ba\u4e94\u8272\u65d7\uff0c\u8c61\u5fb5\u300c\u4e94\u65cf\u5171\u548c\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e00\u76f4\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e8c\u516b\u5e74\u3002\u5b83\u7531\u4e94\u8272\u6a6b\u689d\uff08\u7d05\u3001\u9ec3\u3001\u85cd\u3001\u767d\u3001\u9ed1\uff09\u69cb\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u984f\u8272\u5206\u5225\u4ee3\u8868\u6b64\u6642\u7d71\u4e00\u5728\u65b0\u570b\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u65cf\u7fa4\u3002\u7d05\u8272\u4ee3\u8868\u6f22\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u9ec3\u8272\u5247\u4ee3\u8868\u6eff\u4eba\u300210<\/p>\n<p><em>\u539f\u8a3b\uff1a10<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Sun, San min zhu yi, in Guo fu quan ji , 1:5 (The Three Principles of the People , 8 &#8211; 9 ) ; L i u , \u201cA Tentative Classi_cation of the Races of China,\u201d 131.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e26\u672a\u88ab\u52d5\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u8a31\u591a\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8d0a\u540c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u78ba\u662f\u300c\u9ec3\u7a2e\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u3002\u5728\u5eb7\u6709\u70ba\u7684\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u91d1\u8272\u4e4b\u4eba\u7a2e\u300d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5047\u8a2d\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u5b83\u6bd4\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u300c\u9280\u8272\u4e4b\u4eba\u7a2e\u300d\u512a\u8d8a\u300211<\/p>\n<p><em>\u539f\u8a3b\uff1a11<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Tsu, Failure , 43; \u95dc\u65bc\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\uff0c \u4ea6\u8acb\u898bClement, A Handbook of Modern Japan , 45\uff1a\u300c\u773e\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u4f4d\u65bc\u8499\u53e4\uff08\u6216\u9ec3\u8272\uff09\u4eba\u7a2e\u5e95\u4e0b\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u6211\u5439\u5653\u5c6c\u65bc\u300e\u91d1\u8272\u7a2e\u65cf\u300f\uff0c\u6bd4\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u4eba\u512a\u8d8a\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u5c6c\u65bc\u300e\u9280\u8272\u7a2e\u65cf\u300f\u3002\u300d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u8a55\u8ad6\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u5c07\u300c\u9ec3\u798d\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u6539\u6210\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u5149\u8f1d\u512a\u8d8a\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u537b\u5f80\u5f80\u5ffd\u8996\u4e86\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u540c\u6a23\u4e5f\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u69cb\u6210\u798d\u5bb3\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u9084\u6709\u4eba\u53cd\u99c1\u8aaa\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u300c\u9ec3\u798d\u300d\u662f\u4fc4\u570b\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6574\u500b\u897f\u65b9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u5147\u60e1\u7684\u5e1d\u570b\u653f\u7b56\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\u800c\u8a00\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u767d\u798d\u300d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u53cd\u6230\u6216\u53cd\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u4e5f\u540c\u610f\u9019\u500b\u89c0\u9ede\u300212<\/p>\n<p><em>\u539f\u8a3b\uff1a12<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Tsu, Failure , 79, 88-97;Pusey, China, 68, 98-99, 118, 315; Lehmann, The Image of Japan , 149-50; Gulick, The White Peril in the Far East; France, Sur la pierre blanche .<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4e9b\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u8ff7\u4eba\u4e4b\u8655\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u559a\u9192\u4e86\u65e9\u5df2\u9577\u5b58\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u300d\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u80fd\u632a\u7528\u9019\u500b\u897f\u65b9\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u7b26\u5408\u5148\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u6587\u660e\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u795e\u8a71\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u300d\u662f\u5927\u5730\u7684\u984f\u8272\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u984f\u8272\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u7687\u5e1d\u984f\u8272\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u660e\u6416\u7c43\u9ec3\u6cb3\u7684\u984f\u8272\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u76ae\u819a\u7684\u984f\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u9762\u76f8\u5b78\u66f8\u5beb\u4e2d\u7576\u7136\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u904e\u300c\u9ec3\u76ae\u819a\u300d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u7709\u9593\u4e00\u9ede\u9ec3\u300d\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u5e78\u798f\u6216\u597d\u904b\u7684\u984f\u8272\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u8207\u91cb\u8fe6\u725f\u5c3c\u81c9\u4e0a\u8207\u888d\u5b50\u7684\u9ec3\u8272\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u67d0\u500b\u795e\u8a71\u4e5f\u6307\u7a31\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u662f\u300c\u9ec3\u571f\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u64da\u8aaa\u5973\u5aa7\u662f\u7528\u6ce5\u571f\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u5275\u9020\u800c\u51fa\u300213<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>\u539f\u8a3b\uff1a13<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e09\u5e74\u5728\u6cb3\u5357\u7701\u6703\u912d\u5dde\u5275\u520a\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u73fe\u4ee3\u751f\u6d3b\u6587\u5316\u671f\u520a\u53eb\u4f5c\u300a\u9ec3\u6cb3\u9ec3\u571f\u9ec3\u7a2e\u4eba\u300b\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u8b80\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u7d30\u7bc0\u6703\u76f8\u7576\u719f\u6089\uff0c \u56e0\u70ba\u7d93\u7531\u5229\u746a\u7ac7\u548c\u885b\u5321\u570b\u7b49\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u8036\u7a4c\u6703\u8a18\u8ff0\u8005\u7684\u5f15\u4ecb\uff0c \u5b83\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u8b8a\u6210\u8033\u719f\u80fd\u8a73\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002\u4e00\u4e03\u4e03\u516d\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8036\u7a4c\u6703\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u66f8\u300a\u56de\u61b6\u9304\u300b\uff08Memoires\uff09\u4e2d\u4e5f\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u5973\u5aa7\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u300214<\/p>\n<p><em>\u539f\u8a3b\uff1a14<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>R i c c i , China , 6 6 , 3 0 5 ;Martini, Novus atlas sinensis,12, 14; Kao, \u201cEssai sur\u00a0<\/em><em>l\u02bcantiquit\u00e9 des Chinois,\u201d1:104-105; Gaubil, Trait \u00e9 de la chronologie Chinoise , 17:6-7.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u662f\uff0c \u7d55\u5c0d\u6c92\u6709\u8b49\u64da\u8b49\u660e\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5c0d\u5168\u9ad4\u6771\u4e9e\u4eba\u6700\u521d\u88ab\u6b78\u70ba\u300c\u9ec3\u7a2e\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u6211\u5011\u66fe\u63d0\u5230\u5e03\u76e7\u9580\u5df4\u8d6b\u7528<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u300c\u4f86\u81ea\u6771\u65b9\u7684\u9ec3\u7a2e\u4eba\u300d<\/strong><\/span>\u9019\u500b\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5728\u90a3\u5341\u5e74\u88e1\u9020\u8a2a\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u4e2d\u570b\u8a2a\u5ba2\u7684\u7dbd\u865f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5e03\u76e7\u9580\u5df4\u8d6b\u5373\u4f7f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u6709\u9f90\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u4e94\u5927\u7a2e\u65cf\u985e\u5225\uff0c\u537b\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u5c07\u9019\u500b\u7dbd\u865f\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u9ec3\u8272\u300c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u7a2e\u300d\u505a\u51fa\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\u5f8c\u8005\u7684\u6839\u64da\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u5206\u985e\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u5176\u984f\u8272\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6e90\u81ea\u91ab\u5b78\u3001\u690d\u7269\u5b78\u548c\u6bd4\u8f03\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u65c5\u884c\u6216\u50b3\u6559\u58eb\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u5341\u5e74\u5167\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u6cd5\u570b\u884c\u653f\u5b98\u8207\u5b78\u8005\u67e5\u723e\u65af\uff0e\u5e03\u7f85\u585e\uff08Charles de Brosses\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e00\u4e03\u516d\u4e94\u5e74\u5beb\u904e\u4e00\u672c\u63a2\u8a0e\u8a9e\u6e90\u5b78\u300c\u6280\u5de7\u69cb\u6210\u300d\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u5c08\u8457\u3002\u63a5\u8457\u5728\u4e00\u4e03\u4e03\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u5beb\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u9577\u7bc7\u7684\u5c08\u9580\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u585e\u897f\u4e9e\u4eba\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u540d\u7a31\uff1b\u585e\u897f\u4e9e\u4eba\u662f\u5728\u300c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u300d\u666e\u53ca\u5316\u4e4b\u524d\u7528\u4f86\u6307\u6771\u5317\u4e9e\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u540d\u7a31\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e03\u7f85\u585e\u8003\u91cf\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u3001\u5361\u723e\u6155\u514b\u4eba\u8207\u97c3\u977c\u4eba\u7b49\u540d\u7a31\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u5efa\u69cb\u4e00\u5957\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u63d0\u51fa\u8457\u540d\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u540d\u8a5e\u300c\u7d72\u570b\u4eba\u300d\uff08Seres\uff09 \u8207\u300c\u7d72\u570b\u300dSerica\uff09\uff1b \u65af\u7279\u62c9\u6ce2\uff08Strabo\uff09\u3001\u8001\u666e\u6797\u5c3c\uff08Pliny the Elder\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u7528\u5b83\u5011\u4f86\u6307\u7a31\u6771\u5317\u4e9e\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u4e00\u7247\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u5e7e\u4e4e\u80af\u5b9a\u8207\u7576\u4eca\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u5340\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u5e03\u7f85\u585e\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5b57\u59cb\u7d42\u8207\u7d72\u6709\u95dc\uff1aSerica \u7684\u4eba\u662f\u300c\u7a7f\u7d72\u7684\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5esericus \u4ee3\u8868\u300c\u7d72\u7da2\u7684\u300d\u4e4b\u610f\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u97c3\u977c\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u800c\u8a00\uff0cseres \u662f\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u300d\u7684\u540d\u7a31\uff08\u8499\u53e4\u6587\u662fsira\uff0c\u85cf\u6587\u5247\u662fser\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u624d\u662fsericus \u4e00\u5b57\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u8d77\u6e90\u3002\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u60c5\u6cc1\u5f88\u55ae\u7d14\uff0c\u300c\u4ed6\u5011\u8eab\u7a7f\u9019\u7a2e\u984f\u8272\uff0c\u8cb7\u8ce3\u9019\u7a2e\u73cd\u8cb4\u7684\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u6703\u7d66\u4ed6\u5011Seres \u9019\u500b\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u610f\u5373\u9ec3\u4eba\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u300cSeres\u300d\u7684\u5b57\u6e90\u4f9d\u7136\u6709\u722d\u8b70\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5e03\u7f85\u585e\u770b\u4f86\u660e\u986f\u662f\u5728\u88dc\u5145\u5c0d\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u8b80\u8005\u800c\u8a00\u5df2\u662f\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7d30\u7bc0\uff1a\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u300d\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u56e0\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u7a7f\u7d72\u7da2\uff08\u56e0\u70ba\u751f\u7d72\u70ba\u6de1\u9ec3\u8272\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u300d\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7279\u5225\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5c31\u6307\u7a31\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u662f\u300c\u9ec3\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u8ddf\u6307\u7a31\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u7a2e\u65cf\u300d\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u800c\u5e03\u7f85\u585e\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u4e03\u4e03\u25cb\u5e74\u4ee3\u7576\u7136\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u9019\u9ebc\u505a\u300215<\/p>\n<p><em>\u539f\u8a3b\uff1a15<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>B r o s s e s , \u201c E s s a i d e g\u00e9ographie \u00e9tymilogique sur les noms donn\u00e9s aux\u00a0peoples Scythes ancients &amp; modernes, \u201d 498-499. \u95dc\u65bcseres \u8acb\u898bPauly, Paulys Realencyclopadie d e r c l a s s i s c h e n Altertumswissenschaft, Zweite Reihe , vol. 2, cols.1678-1683; Yule, Cathay , 1 : 1 &#8211; 3 4 ; a n d M e y e r s , \u201c M a r v e l s , M y t h s , a n dMisconceptions.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u50b3\u6559\u58eb\u9322\u5fb7\u660e\uff08Joseph-Marie Amiot\uff09\u6240\u5beb\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u539a\u9054\u4e09\u767e\u9801\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u53f2\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u8036\u7a4c\u6703\u7684\u300a\u56de\u61b6\u9304\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u5c07\u6240\u6709\u5112\u5bb6\u77e5\u8b58\u90fd\u6574\u7406\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u5716\u8868\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u5728\u9322\u5fb7\u660e\u5448\u73fe\u7d66\u6b50<\/p>\n<p>\u6d32\u8b80\u8005\u7684\u8af8\u591a\u6982\u5ff5\u985e\u5225\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u85cd\u3001\u767d\u3001\u9ec3\u3001\u9ed1\u8207\u7d05\u7684\u4e94\u8272\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u984f\u8272\u5728\u5305\u62ec\u5360\u535c\u3001\u5360\u661f\u53ca\u91ab\u5b78\u5728\u5167\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u5b78\u8853\u53ca\u5b97\u6559\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u5c0d\u61c9\u4e4b\u8655\u8207\u91cd\u5927\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9322\u5fb7\u660e\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u8a55\u8ad6\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u984f\u8272\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u300c\u5f9e\u4e2d\u570b\u9019\u88e1\u770b\u5230\u7684\u53e4\u756b\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u78ba\u5be6\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u819a\u8272\u7684\u4eba\uff1b\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u88dc\u5145\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u9084\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5e1d\u570b\u5357\u65b9\u7701\u5206\u3002\u300d16<\/p>\n<p><em>\u539f\u8a3b\uff1a16<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Amiot, \u201cL\u02bcantiquit\u00e9 des Chinois, prouv\u00e9e par les monuments,\u201d 2:175.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u9322\u5fb7\u660e\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u70ba\u4f55\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u96e3\u4ee5\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u4ed6\u7121\u7591\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u904b\u7528\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u985e\u819a\u8272\u4e0a\u7684\u984f\u8272\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7368\u7279\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u570b\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e0d\u898b\u9019\u985e\u770b\u6cd5\uff1b\u96d6\u7136\u984f\u8272\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5728\u300c\u4e94\u884c\u300d\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u4ed6\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\u904e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u570b\u5357\u65b9\u4eba\u819a\u8272\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u6df1\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u8a2a\u5ba2\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u9577\u671f\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u4e86\u89e3\u9322\u5fb7\u660e\u7684\u610f\u898b\u5728\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u5c0d\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u819a\u8272\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u4e00\u516b\u516b\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u4fdd\u7f85\uff0e\u6258\u76ae\u7d0d\u5fb7\u91cd\u8907\u8868\u9054\u4e86\u9322\u5fb7\u660e\u7684\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u7a0d\u5fae\u4fee\u6539\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u8ddf\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u5f88\u50cf\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u819a\u8272\u5c07\u4e16\u754c\u5206\u6210\u4e94\u5927\u7a2e\u65cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\u5169\u8005\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e26\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9322\u5fb7\u660e\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u984f\u8272\uff1a\u300c\u8089\u8272\u300d\uff08<em>couleur de chair<\/em>\uff09\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u6258\u76ae\u7d0d\u5fb7\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u8207\u300c\u767d\u8272\u300d\u4e26\u5b58\uff0c\u800c\u300c\u767d\u8272\u300d\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u773c\u4e2d\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u300c\u8089\u300d\u8272\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u5c0d\u65bc\u57c3\u53ca\u6cd5\u8001\u585e\u63d0\u4e00\u4e16\u9675\u5893\u7e6a\u756b\u4e2d\u300c\u7a2e\u65cf\u300d\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e5f\u51fa\u73fe\u985e\u4f3c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b\u6258\u76ae\u7d0d\u5fb7\u4e5f\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6bb5\u63d0\u5230\u5b83\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4ed6\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u7a2e\u65cf\u5206\u985e\u300d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9805\u8b49\u64da\u300217<\/p>\n<p><em>\u539f\u8a3b\uff1a17<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Topinard, \u00c9l\u00e9ments, 63. \u95dc\u65bc\u4e94\u884c\uff0c \u8acb\u898bNeedham, Science and Civilisation ,\u00a02:232-273\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c \u881f\u7b46\u76d2\u88e1\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u984f\u8272\u53eb\u300c\u8089\u8272\u300d\u3002\u4ea6\u8acb\u898bKornerup\u00a0and Wanscher, Methuen Handbook of Colour \uff0c \u5b83\u5c07\u300c\u8089\u8272\u300d\u754c\u5b9a\u70ba\u300c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u8089\u8272\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u7a2e\u65cf\u7684\u8089\u8272\u300d\uff08161\uff09\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u4e2d\u570b\u8207\u4e94\u884c\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u300d\u662f\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u984f\u8272\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u897f\u65b9\u5c0d\u7a2e\u65cf\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u662f\u300c\u767d\u8272\u300d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u767d\uff1b\u300c\u767d\u8272\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u9010\u6f38\u51cb\u96f6\u7684\u984f\u8272\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e4b\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5317\u65b9\u662f\u300c\u9ed1\u8272\u300d\u7684\uff0c\u8207\u897f\u65b9\u8a8d\u70ba\u6eab\u6696\u6c23\u5019\u9020\u6210\u6df1\u8272\u76ae\u819a\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u5357\u65b9\u662f\u300c\u7d05\u8272\u300d\uff0c\u6771\u65b9\u5247\u662f\u300c\u7da0\u8272\u300d\u3002\u518d\u8209\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6069\u683c\u4f2f\u7279\uff0e\u574e\u666e\u6cd5\u5c07\u4e00\u5f35\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u4e16\u754c\u5730\u5716\u5e36\u5230\u6b50\u6d32\uff0c\u4e9e\u6d32\u5728\u5716\u4e0a\u88ab\u6a19\u70ba\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u300d\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u6240\u6a02\u898b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6b50\u6d32\u537b\u662f\u300c\u7da0\u8272\u300d\u3001\u975e\u6d32\u662f\u300c\u7d05\u8272\u300d\uff0c\u7f8e\u6d32\u5247\u662f\u300c\u68d5\u8272\u300d\u300218<\/p>\n<p><em>\u539f\u8a3b\uff1a18<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Klaproth, M\u00e9moires relatifs \u00e0 l\u02bcAsie , 3:472. \u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u6700\u521d \u767c\u8868\u65bc\u4e00\u4e03\u516b\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u8ac7\u984f\u8272\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0cSaint-Pierre \u8868 \u793a\u9ec3\u8272\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u8207\u4e2d\u570b\u7b49\u5730\uff0c \u767d\u8272\u5247\u662f\u9b54\u9b3c\u7684\u984f\u8272\uff0c \u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u300c\u8207\u9019\u4e9b\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u9ed1\u8272\u76ae\u819a\u6210\u5f37\u70c8\u5c0d\u6bd4\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u662f\u9ed1\u8272\u7684\uff1b\u4e2d\u570b\u5357\u65b9\u4eba\u64c1\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u9edd\u9ed1\uff08basan\u00e9e\uff09 \u7684\u76ae\u819a\u300d\uff1a\u00c9tudes de la nature , 2:84,90-92\uff08Studies of Nature ,2:291, 298\u3014\u300c\u88ab\u967d\u5149\u56b4\u91cd\u66ec\u50b7\u300d\u3015\uff09\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u5206\u985e\u76f8\u7576\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u5f9e\u4f86\u4e0d\u81ea\u7a31\u300c\u9ec3\u7a2e\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u708e\u9ec3\u5b50\u5b6b\u300d\u9019\u7a2e\u8fd1\u4ee3\u8a5e\u5f59\u3002\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u672c\u78ba\u5be6\u5076\u723e\u6703\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u819a\u8272\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5b8b\u671d\u4eba\u8d99\u6c5d\u9002\u6240\u5beb\u7684\u300a\u8af8\u8543\u5fd7\u300b\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7d00\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u6771\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u88e1\uff0c\u9060\u6771\u4eba\u88ab\u5f62\u5bb9\u6210\u300c\u767d\u8272\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u932b\u862d\u3001\u722a\u54c7\u8207\u99ac\u62c9\u5df4\u723e\uff08Malabar\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u5247\u5206\u5225\u662f\u300c\u9ed1\u8272\u300d\u3001\u300c\u9ed1\u8272\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u7d05\u8272\u300d\u6216\u300c\u7d2b\u8272\u300d\u300219<\/p>\n<p><em>\u539f\u8a3b\uff1a19<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Zhao, Zhufan zhi , 20, 29, 31,40, 56 (Chau Ju-Kua: HisWork\u2026 Entitled Chu-fan-chi ,\u00a072, 84, 88, 103, 134).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u50b3\u7d71\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u819a\u8272\u6df1\u6dfa\u662f\u6587\u660e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6a19\u8a18\uff0c\u7121\u95dc\u7a2e\u65cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u570b\uff08\u610f\u5373\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff09\u64c1\u6709\u6700\u767d\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u3002\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u300d\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5e36\u6709\u8ca0\u9762\u610f\u6db5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6210\u8a9e\u300c\u9762\u9ec3\u808c\u7626\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u5f62\u5bb9\u8870\u5f31\u6216\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u800c\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u96fb\u5f71\u300d\u6216\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u7b11\u8a71\u300d\uff08\u73fe\u4ee3\u7528\u8a9e\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u300c\u9ec3\u8272\u65b0\u805e\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u6240\u5f71\u97ff\uff09\u5247\u610f\u5473\u8457\u7c97\u4fd7\u3001\u6deb\u7a62\u6216\u8272\u60c5\u300220<\/p>\n<p><em>\u539f\u8a3b\uff1a20<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u4ea6\u8acb\u898bJones, Yellow Music.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\u4e2d\u6587\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0d\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u4eba\u6642\uff0c\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u7d93\u5e38\u90fd\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u591a\u6bdb\u3001\u5927\u9f3b\u5b50\u6216\u6df1\u9083\u7684\u773c\u775b\u800c\u986f\u5f97\u8207\u773e\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u819a\u8272\u537b\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5167\u3002\u518d\u8209\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e00\u4e94\u56db\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u8fd1\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u4e2d\u897f\u63a5\u89f8\u7684\u958b\u7aef\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba\u7684\u8239\u96bb\u4e0d\u51c6\u505c\u9760\u5728\u5ee3\u6771\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b98\u65b9\u767c\u51fa\u4e00\u9053\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u300c\u6709\u9b0d\u9b1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u773c\u775b\u7684\u7537\u5b50\u300d\uff08<em>os homens das arbas, e olhos grandes<\/em>\uff09\u9032\u5165\u4e2d\u570b\u300221<\/p>\n<p><em>\u539f\u8a3b\uff1a21<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Couto, Da Asia , 13:263. \u4ea6\u8acb\u898bFerguson, \u201cLetters from Portuguese Captives,\u201d 437,442; Boxer, Christian Century in Japan , 24-25; \u4ee5\u53caAbramson, \u201cDeep Eyes and High Noses.\u201d \u4e00\u516d\u3007\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u50b3\u6559\u58eb\u5beb\u5230\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u8981\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e00\u500b\u919c\u964b\u3001\u5916\u8868\u72fc\u72fd\u7684\u4eba\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u5c07\u4ed6\u756b\u6210\u7a7f\u8457\u77ed\u8863\uff0c\u6709\u8457\u5927\u9b0d\u9b1a\u3001\u773c\u775b\u548c\u9f3b\u5b50\uff1aPantoja, Relaci\u00f3n , 107(\u201cLetter,\u201d in Purchas, PurchasHis Pilgrimes , 3:367).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/vidaorange\/2015\/02\/24\/colgates-black-person-toothpaste-needs-to-go-away\/?utm_source=relatedvoc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u4f60\u5f9e\u5c0f\u7528\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u7259\u818f\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u570b\u5916\u537b\u89ba\u5f97\u9019\u662f\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\uff1f<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/vidaorange\/2015\/03\/23\/nanny-meal\/?utm_source=relatedvoc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u600e\u9ebc\u4e86\uff1f\u9ad8\u6a94\u89aa\u5b50\u9910\u5ef3\u83dc\u55ae\u7adf\u63a8\u51fa\u300c\u5916\u7c4d\u5e6b\u50ad\u9910\u300d\uff01<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/vidaorange\/2015\/03\/09\/6-insulting-questions-that-men-should-always-avoid-asking-women-but-for-some-reason-still-do\/?utm_source=relatedvoc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">6 \u500b\u5145\u6eff\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u300c\u4f60\u662f\u5927\u59e8\u5abd\u4f86\u55ce\u300d\u5225\u518d\u9019\u6a23\u554f\u4e86<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/vidaorange\/2015\/03\/09\/6-insulting-questions-that-men-should-always-avoid-asking-women-but-for-some-reason-still-do\/?utm_source=relatedvoc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-9291 alignleft\" src=\"\/vidaorange\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2015\/04\/33.jpg\" alt=\"33\" width=\"147\" height=\"206\" \/><\/a>\uff08\u672c\u6587\uff1a\u300a<a href=\"http:\/\/www.books.com.tw\/exep\/assp.php\/Techorange\/products\/0010669162?utm_source=Techorange&amp;utm_medium=ap-books&amp;utm_content=recommend&amp;utm_campaign=ap-201504\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u6210\u70ba\u9ec3\u7a2e\u4eba\uff1a\u4e00\u90e8\u6771\u4e9e\u4eba\u7531\u767d\u8b8a\u9ec3\u7684\u6b77\u53f2<\/a>\u300b\u6388\u6b0a\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; \u5716\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u9ec3\u798d\u300d\uff0c\u53d6\u81ea\u300a\u54c8\u6f51\u9031\u520a\u300b\uff08Harper\u2019s Weekly\uff09\uff081898\uff09\u3002\u9019\u5e45\u756b\u662f\u6a21\u4eff\u4e00\u5e45\u5fb7\u7687\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u7684\u756b\u4f5c\u800c\u7e6a\u88fd\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u756b\u4e2d\u7684\u5c11\u5973\u4ee3\u8868\u6b50\u6d32\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u63a5\u53d7\u865f\u53ec\u800c\u4f86\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u652f\u57fa\u7763\u5341\u5b57\u67b6[&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":28664,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[105,113],"coauthors":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/vidaorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3446"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/vidaorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/vidaorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/vidaorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/vidaorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3446"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/vidaorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3446\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/vidaorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28664"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/vidaorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3446"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/vidaorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3446"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/vidaorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3446"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/vidaorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=3446"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}