{"id":9596,"date":"2017-06-23T11:21:51","date_gmt":"2017-06-23T03:21:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/2017\/06\/23\/mmr-vaccine-problem\/"},"modified":"2017-06-23T11:21:51","modified_gmt":"2017-06-23T03:21:51","slug":"mmr-vaccine-problem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/2017\/06\/23\/mmr-vaccine-problem\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8ad6\u6587\u9020\u5047\u6709\u591a\u56b4\u91cd\uff1f\u4e00\u7bc7\u932f\u8aa4\u75ab\u82d7\u8ad6\u6587\u548c\u8ddf\u98a8\u8d77\u821e\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\uff0c\u8b93\u82f1\u570b\u4eba\u4ed8\u51fa 15 \u5e74\u6158\u75db\u4ee3\u50f9"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3010\u6211\u5011\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9078\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3011<\/p>\n

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\u5c31\u9023\u91ab\u7642\u9ad4\u5236\u5065\u5168\u7684\u82f1\u570b\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u88ab\u4e00\u7bc7\u9020\u5047\u8ad6\u6587\u6467\u6bc0\u6389\u6574\u500b\u91ab\u7642\u4fe1\u8cf4\u9ad4\u5236\u3002\u66f4\u4f55\u6cc1\u662f\u53f0\u7063\uff1f\u85c9\u7531\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5e0c\u671b\u8b93\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u5b78\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\u3001\u5a92\u9ad4\u6b63\u78ba\u5831\u5c0e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u8d77\u4f86\u95dc\u5fc3\uff0c\u9019\u7bc7\u932f\u8aa4\u8ad6\u6587\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5c0d\u82f1\u570b\u9020\u6210\u91cd\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002\uff08\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f\uff1a\u9ec3\u9756\u8ed2\uff09<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u6587\uff0f\u674e\u5b50\u674e\u5b50\u77ed\u4fe1<\/a>
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\u4e00\u7bc7\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u98a8\u6ce2\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u5065\u5168\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u8b93\u6574\u6574\u4e00\u4ee3\u82f1\u570b\u5b69\u5b50\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ebb\u75b9\uff08measle\uff09\u3001\u98a8\u75b9\uff08rubella\uff09\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u6027\u816e\u817a\u708e\uff08mumps\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u4e09\u7a2e\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u91ab\u7642\u5065\u5eb7\u7cfb\u7d71\uff08NHS\uff0cNational Healthcare System\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u57fa\u790e\u3001\u514d\u8cbb\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u4e88\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\u3002\u4e09\u7a2e\u75ab\u82d7\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u5728\u5b69\u5b501\u6b72\u30013-5\u6b72\u6642\u63a5\u7a2e\uff0c\u7d71\u7a31MMR\u75ab\u82d7\u3002\u6211\u570b\uff08\u7de8\u6309\uff1a\u539f\u6587\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\uff09\u65e9\u5728 1965 \u5e74\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u9ebb\u75b9\u514d\u75ab\uff0c2011\u5e74\u767c\u75c5\u7387\u5df2\u7d93\u964d\u5230\u4e860.76\/10\u842c\u4e4b\u4f4e\uff0c\u300c\u51fa\u75b9\u5b50\u300d\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u540d\u8a5e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u60e0\u53ca\u5168\u6c11\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5065\u5eb7\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u537b\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u6b21\u4e8b\u6545\uff0c\u800c\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u6253\u64ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u98a8\u6ce2<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1998 \u5e74 2 \u6708\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u91ab\u5b78\u5b78\u8853\u671f\u520a\u300a\u67f3\u8449\u5200\u300b\uff08Lancet\uff09\u4e0a\u520a\u767b\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u8ddf\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u7687\u5bb6\u81ea\u7531\u91ab\u9662\uff08Royal Free Hospital\uff09\u7684\u91ab\u751f\u5b89\u5fb7\u9b6f\u00b7\u7dad\u514b\u83f2\u723e\u5fb7\uff08Andrew Wakefield\uff09\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u7814\u7a76\u4e8612\u500b\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u5c0f\u5b69\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u67098\u500b\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u5728\u63a5\u7a2e\u4e86 MMR \u75ab\u82d7\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u300c\u884c\u70ba\u8b8a\u5f97\u6709\u4e9b\u5947\u602a\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u4f34\u6709\u7d50\u8178\u708e\u7684\u7665\u72c0\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"

\u300a\u67f3\u8449\u5200\u300b\uff08The Lancet\uff09\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u60a0\u4e45\u53ca\u6700\u53d7\u91cd\u8996\u7684\u540c\u884c\u8a55\u5be9\u6027\u8cea\u4e4b\u91ab\u5b78\u671f\u520a\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e00\u7bc7\u767c\u8868\u5728\u300a\u67f3\u8449\u5200\u300b\u4e0a\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u5728\u5bb6\u9577\u754c\u6fc0\u8d77\u8ed2\u7136\u5927\u6ce2\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n

\u7dad\u514b\u83f2\u723e\u5fb7\u9042\u5c07\u5176\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u300c\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u7d50\u8178\u708e\u300d\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u540c\u6642\u63a5\u7a2e MMR \u75ab\u82d7\u6703\u4f7f\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7d71\u300c\u904e\u8f09\u300d\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u7d50\u8178\u708e\uff0c\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u81ea\u9589\u7665\u8b5c\u7cfb\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u65b0\u805e\u767c\u5e03\u6703\u4e0a\u5c0d\u5a92\u9ad4\u516c\u958b\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u61c9\u8a72\u66ab\u505c\u4e09\u7a2e\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u540c\u6642\u63a5\u7a2e\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

2002\u5e74\uff0c\u7dad\u514b\u83f2\u723e\u5fb7\u548c\u4e00\u500b\u4f86\u81ea\u90fd\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53c8\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6c92\u4ec0\u9ebd\u540d\u6c23\u7684\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u767c\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7d9c\u8ff0\u548c\u5169\u4efd\u5be6\u9a57\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u8072\u7a31\u5728 25 \u500b\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u5c0f\u5b69\u7684\u8178\u9053\u88cf\uff0c\u6709 24\u500b\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u9ebb\u75b9\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u7591\u4f3c\u662f\u75ab\u82d7\u75c5\u682a\u5f15\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n

MMR \u75ab\u82d7\u65bc 1988 \u5e74\u5f15\u5165\u82f1\u570b\u3002\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u524d\u4e00\u5e74\u5167\uff0c\u6709 8.6 \u842c\u540d\u5152\u7ae5\u611f\u67d3\u300116\u540d\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u800c\u5728MMR\u514d\u8cbb\u63a5\u7a2e\u8a08\u5283\u5be6\u65bd\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5f9e 1992 \u5e74\uff0c\u5c31\u518d\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5152\u7ae5\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e09\u7a2e\u75c5\u800c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e86\uff0c\u816e\u817a\u708e\u548c\u98a8\u75b9\u66f4\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u7d55\u8de1\u3002\u9577\u671f\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u4e09\u7a2e\u75ab\u82d7\u662f\u9632\u6b62\u9ebb\u75b9\u3001\u98a8\u75b9\u548c\u816e\u817a\u708e\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u662f\u6e1b\u6bd2\u75ab\u82d7\uff08\u5373\u975e\u5e38\u5f31\u7684\u75c5\u682a\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u89f8\u767c\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7d71\u7522\u751f\u6297\u9ad4\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u8f15\u5fae\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u80fd\u5920\u6975\u5176\u6709\u6548\u5730\u964d\u4f4e\u767c\u75c5\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"

\u9ebb\u75b9\uff08measle\uff09\u3001\u98a8\u75b9\uff08rubella\uff09\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u6027\u816e\u817a\u708e\uff08mumps\uff09\u9632\u6cbb\u4e09\u7a2e\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u5728\u5b69\u5b501\u6b72\u30013-5\u6b72\u6642\u63a5\u7a2e\uff0c\u7d71\u7a31MMR\u75ab\u82d7\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aaney22.pixnet.net<\/p><\/div>\n

1998 \u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5f15\u8d77\u592a\u591a\u8a3b\u610f\uff0c\u7136\u800c 2002 \u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u593e\u5e36\u4e0a\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u60a3\u5152\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u63a7\u8a34\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u82f1\u570b\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5831\u5c0e\u3002\u7576\u4efb\u9996\u76f8\u5e03\u840a\u723e\u5728\u5a92\u9ad4\u8cea\u8a62\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u7d66\u81ea\u5df1\u5152\u5b50\u6253\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u62d2\u7d55\u56de\u7b54\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u516c\u773e\u8f3f\u8ad6\u4e00\u6642\u5629\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u7814\u7a76\u7a31\u75ab\u82d7\u5f15\u767c\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\uff0c\u9996\u76f8\u5c45\u7136\u4e0d\u7d66\u5152\u5b50\u63a5\u7a2e\u300d\u5360\u64da\u4e86\u5927\u5c0f\u5831\u7d19\u982d\u7248\u548c\u8a55\u8ad6\u3002\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u548c MMR \u75ab\u82d7\u56e0\u6b64\u806f\u7cfb\u8d77\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5a92\u9ad4\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u5728\u5b69\u5b50\u7236\u6bcd\u5011\u9677\u5165\u6050\u614c\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u5b78\u8005\u537b\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u300c\u6a23\u672c\u91cf\u6975\u5c0f\u3001\u6c92\u6709\u5c0d\u7167\u7d44\u7684\u56de\u6eaf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u300d\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u300c\u4e26\u6c92\u80fd\u8b49\u660e\u4efb\u4f55\u56e0\u679c\u806f\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e14\u7121\u6cd5\u7528\u6b63\u5e38\u79d1\u5b78\u624b\u6bb5\u9a57\u8b49\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8f5f\u52d5\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u6587\u4e00\u51fa\uff0c\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u548c\u75ab\u82d7\u9818\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u7e3d\u8a08\u82b1\u6389\u4e86\u4e0a\u767e\u842c\u82f1\u938a\u7814\u7a76\u8cbb\u7528\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u8b49\u5be6\u6216\u8005\u8b49\u507d\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u806f\u7cfb\u30022002\u5e74\u52302005\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u7e7c\u898b\u520a\uff0c\u4f46\u9664\u4e86\u7dad\u514b\u83f2\u723e\u5fb7\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u548c\u75ab\u82d7\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u5145\u5206\u8b49\u660e\u4e86 MMR \u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u2500\u2500\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4e09\u7a2e\u4e00\u8d77\u6253\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u5206\u958b\u6253\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u5c0d\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7d71\u7522\u751f\u5371\u5bb3\u3002\u7dca\u63a5\u8457\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u5b98\u65b9\u6a5f\u69cb\u570b\u5bb6\u91ab\u7642\u5065\u5eb7\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e5f\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u8b49\u64da\u8868\u660e\u81ea\u9589\u7665\u548cMMR\u75ab\u82d7\u6709\u806f\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728 1998 \u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u767c\u8868\u7684\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u7687\u5bb6\u81ea\u7531\u91ab\u9662\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7bc7\u767c\u5728\u300a\u67f3\u8449\u5200\u300b\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u7dad\u514b\u83f2\u723e\u5fb7\u7684\u540c\u50da\u7d1b\u7d1b\u51fa\u9762\u5426\u8a8d\u8b49\u64da\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff1b\u7dad\u514b\u83f2\u723e\u5fb7\u672c\u4eba\u4e5f\u65bc2001\u5e74\u8fad\u53bb\u5728\u7687\u5bb6\u81ea\u7531\u91ab\u9662\u7684\u8077\u52d9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u5f15\u8d77\u8db3\u5920\u5927\u7684\u53cd\u97ff\u3002\u7dad\u514b\u83f2\u723e\u5fb7\u4f9d\u820a\u63a5\u53d7\u5a92\u9ad4\u91c7\u8a2a\uff0c\u5ba3\u7a31\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u4e26\u501f\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u5152\u7ae5\u548c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u51fa\u8072\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u8072\u7a31\u6574\u500b\u75ab\u82d7\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u8a55\u4f30\u3002\u66f4\u60e1\u52a3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5a92\u9ad4\u914d\u5408\u300c\u6316\u6398\u300d\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u54e1\u8207\u75ab\u82d7\u5236\u9020\u548c\u751f\u7522\u76f8\u95dc\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u806f\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u9670\u8b00\u8ad6\u8cea\u7591\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u5236\u85e5\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u55ae\u55ae\u5b78\u8853\u6a5f\u69cb\u7121\u6cd5\u652f\u6490\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u7814\u767c\u548c\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6307\u8cac\u8b93\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u5f88\u53d7\u50b7\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"

\u672c\u6b21\u722d\u8ad6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4eba\u7269\uff1a \u5b89\u5fb7\u9b6f\u00b7\u7dad\u514b\u83f2\u723e\u5fb7\uff08Andrew Wakefield\uff09\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1ahealthimpactnews.com<\/p><\/div>\n

\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u81ea\u5f9e\u63a5\u7a2e\u8a08\u5283\u5be6\u65bd\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u8a3a\u65b7\u7387\u5728\u4e0d\u65b7\u63d0\u9ad8\uff08\u5be6\u969b\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8996\u7684\u7de3\u6545\uff09\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u9000\u5316\u6027\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u7684\u7665\u72c0\u591a\u767c\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63a5\u7a2e\u7684\u5e74\u7d00\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u5b83\u8207\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u7a2e\u7684\u95dc\u7cfb\u5f88\u96e3\u6487\u6e05\u3002\u800c\u8a31\u591a\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u7d44\u7e54\u3001\u5916\u52a0\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u5152\u7ae5\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u5c07\u75ab\u82d7\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e86\u66ff\u7f6a\u7f8a\u3002\u9019\u5c0d\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u662f\u5f15\u767c\u516c\u773e\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u597d\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u537b\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u66f4\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\u2500\u2500\u5728\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u8840\u6dda\u50be\u8a34\uff0c\u80fd\u8f15\u6613\u52dd\u904e\u4e00\u5343\u500b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u8a00\u4e4b\u947f\u947f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u88ab\u6df9\u6c92\u4e86\u3002\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\u4e2d\uff0c\u7e3d\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6b63\u65b9\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u53cd\u65b9\uff1b\u5c0d\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u5152\u7ae5\u5145\u6eff\u95dc\u61f7\u7684\u7dad\u514b\u83f2\u723e\u5fb7\uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u5169\u500b\u652f\u6301\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7bc7\u5831\u5c0e\u4e2d\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u300c\u5e73\u8861\u300d\u300c\u5ba2\u89c0\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u6839\u672c\u7121\u6cd5\u4ee3\u8868\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u6b0a\u91cd\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u865b\u5047\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u300d\uff08false balance\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u7dad\u514b\u83f2\u723e\u5fb7\u63a5\u53d7\u91ab\u5b78\u7e3d\u6703\u8abf\u67e5\u4e4b\u524d\u7684 2007 \u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u9084\u6642\u4e0d\u6642\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u6240\u8b02\u6b0a\u5a01\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\u4e0a\u300c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u65b9\u300d\u8ac7\u8ad6\u9019\u500b\u300c\u722d\u8b70\u8a71\u984c\u300d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u300a\u885b\u5831\u300b\u65d7\u4e0b\u7684\u300a\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\u300b\u65bc2007\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7684\u5c08\u8a2a\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u5b78\u754c\u5c0d\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u548c MMR \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65e9\u5df2\u677f\u4e0a\u91d8\u91d8\u5730\u5426\u6c7a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eba\u5011\u7e3d\u671f\u671b\u79d1\u5b78\u7d66\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u767e\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4ec0\u9ebd\u6a23\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u88ab\u8cea\u7591\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4f55\u6cc1\u4e00\u7bc7\u672c\u8eab\u8b49\u64da\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b7b\u795e\u91cd\u964d<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u504f\u898b\u6027\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u624b\u6bb5\u6709\u9650\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u7d19\u8cea\u5a92\u9ad4\u548c\u96fb\u8996\u628a\u63a7\u8457\u7d55\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8072\u91cf\u3002\u300c\u6253\u4e86\u9ebb\u75b9\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u5c0f\u5b69\u5c31\u6703\u5f97\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u300d\uff0c\u8b80\u5b8c\u5c0f\u5831\u8073\u4eba\u807d\u805e\u6a19\u984c\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u5011\uff0c\u628a\u5bc4\u4f86\u7684\u514d\u8cbb\u75ab\u82d7\u4e1f\u9032\u5783\u573e\u6876\uff0c\u62d2\u7d55\u5e36\u5b69\u5b50\u524d\u5f80\u8a3a\u6240\u63a5\u7a2e\u2014\u2014\u7531\u65bc\u502b\u7406\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u6b0a\u5229\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8003\u616e\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5f37\u5236\u63a5\u7a2e\u4e00\u8aaa\uff081898\u5e74\u6cd5\u6848\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u5728\u5c08\u5bb6\u5011\u5927\u91cf\u767c\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u3001\u5426\u5b9a MMR \u548c\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u806f\u7cfb\u7684\u90a3\u5e7e\u5e74\uff0c\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u7a2e\u7387\u4e00\u8def\u8dcc\u81f3\u8c37\u5e95\uff0c\u5f9e 1995 \u7684 95% \u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u731b\u964d\u5230\u4e86 2004 \u5e74\u7684 81%\uff1b\u5728\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u502b\u6566\uff0c\u63a5\u7a2e\u7387\u53ea\u6709 61% \u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u751a\u81f3\u964d\u5230\u4e86\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u5341\u5e7e\u30022002\u5e74\uff0c\u6709\u9ad8\u9054 24% \u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u8a8d\u70ba\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u5927\u65bc\u75be\u75c5\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u6709 26% \u8a8d\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u91ab\u7642\u6a5f\u69cbMMR\u548c\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u6c92\u6709\u806f\u7cfb\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u300c\u6c92\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u81ea\u5df1\u300d\uff08not convinced\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u611f\u67d3\u7387\u6025\u5287\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u611f\u67d3\u6700\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u8005\u793e\u7fa4\uff08Travelling Community\uff0c\u6307\u5409\u666e\u8cfd\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u5c07\u9ebb\u75b9\u75c5\u6bd2\u6563\u64ad\u5230\u82f1\u570b\u5404\u5730\u30021998\u5e74\uff0c\u5168\u5e74\u53ea\u6709 56 \u500b\u9ebb\u75b9\u75c5\u4f8b\uff0c\u800c06\u5e74\uff0c\u5149\u524d\u534a\u5e74\u5c31\u6709\u8fd1 500 \u500b\u75c5\u4f8b\uff0c\u611f\u67d3\u7387\u7ffb\u4e8620\u500d\u3002\u5c31\u9023\u5dee\u9ede\u88ab\u6d88\u6ec5\u7684\u816e\u817a\u708e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5377\u571f\u91cd\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"

1995\uff5e2008\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u5730\u5340\u6bcf\u5b63\u5ea6\u9ebb\u75b9\u60a3\u75c5\u8005\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc1998\u5e74\uff0c2006\u5e74\u7684\u9ebb\u75b9\u611f\u67d3\u7387\u7ffb\u4e8620\u500d\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aHPA epidemiological data<\/p><\/div>\n

\"\"

1995\uff5e2008\u5e74\u9ebb\u75b9\u60a3\u8005\u6578\u91cf\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u6df1\u8272\u70ba\u502b\u6566\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u7da0\u8272\u70ba\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u5730\u5340\u53ca\u5a01\u723e\u58eb\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aHPA epidemiological data<\/p><\/div>\n

\u5e78\u904b\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u9ad8\u71d2\u548c\u76ae\u75b9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5e78\u906d\u9047\u4e26\u767c\u7665\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u80f8\u90e8\u611f\u67d3\u3001\u8166\u708e\u751a\u81f3\u5927\u8166\u7684\u7d42\u8eab\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u640d\u50b7\u30022006 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u500b13\u6b72\u7684\u7537\u5b69\u6b7b\u65bc\u9ebb\u75b9\u4e26\u767c\u7665\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u80ba\u90e8\u611f\u67d3\u3002\u7f3a\u5e2d\u4e8614\u5e74\u7684\u9ebb\u75b9\u6b7b\u795e\uff0c\u53c8\u91cd\u65b0\u964d\u81e8\u5230\u4e86\u82f1\u570b\u4eba\u982d\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

2008 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u5ea6\u57fa\u672c\u88ab\u6d88\u6ec5\u7684\u9ebb\u75b9\uff0c\u88ab\u82f1\u570b\u91cd\u65b0\u63d0\u5347\u70ba\u5c40\u90e8\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08endemic\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u689d\u75db\u82e6\u800c\u6f2b\u9577\u7684\u51fa\u8def<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u9762\u5c0d\u8feb\u5728\u7709\u776b\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u5065\u5eb7\u7cfb\u7d71\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u8b49\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\u6c11\u773e\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff1f\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u91ab\u7642\u9ad4\u7cfb\u76f8\u5c0d\u5065\u5168\uff08\u8981\u8aaa\u660e\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u5065\u5168\u2260\u9ad8\u6548\uff09\u7684\u82f1\u570b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e5f\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u6f2b\u9577\u800c\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

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2004\u5e74\uff0c\u8abf\u67e5\u8a18\u8005\u5e03\u840a\u6069\u00b7\u8fea\u723e\uff08BrainDeer\uff09\u5728\u300a\u661f\u671f\u65e5\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u5831\u300b\uff08Sunday Times\uff09\u4e0a\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u7d93\u904e\u56db\u500b\u6708\u6df1\u5165\u6316\u6398\u3001\u8b49\u64da\u78ba\u947f\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u7dad\u514b\u83f2\u723e\u5fb7\u53ca\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u502b\u7406\u4e0a\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u548c\u53cd\u75ab\u82d7\u8a34\u8a1f\u5f8b\u5e2b\u5b58\u5728\u5229\u76ca\u4ea4\u63db\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8b49\u64da\u88ab\u4eba\u70ba\u7be1\u6539\u904e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7814\u7a76\u5c0d\u8c61\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8981\u9032\u884c\u53cd\u75ab\u82d7\u8a34\u8a1f\u3001\u671f\u671b\u7d22\u8ce0\u7684\u5bb6\u9577\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u63ea\u8457\u75ab\u82d7\u4e8b\u6545\u6253\u5b98\u53f8\u7684\u5f8b\u6240\uff0c\u8cc4\u8cc2\u4e86\u7dad\u514b\u83f2\u723e\u5fb7\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u70ba\u8a34\u8a1f\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5229\u7684\u300c\u5b78\u8853\u8b49\u64da\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u91ab\u751f\u9081\u514b\u723e\u00b7\u8cbb\u8328\u5e15\u7279\u88cf\u514b\uff08Michael Fitzpatrick\uff09\u662f\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u60a3\u5152\u7684\u7236\u89aa\uff0c\u4f46\u70ba\u75ab\u82d7\u548c\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u806f\u7cfb\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u6574\u4ef6\u4e8b\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u5f8c\u679c\u800c\u75db\u5fc3\u75be\u9996\u3002\u4ed6\u70ba\u6b64\u5c08\u9580\u5beb\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u300a\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u8207MMR\u300b\u3002\u300c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u7684\u5931\u9748\uff08comprehensive failure\uff09\u3002\u300d\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u5f9e\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u5230\u8ad6\u6587\u8cea\u91cf\u628a\u95dc\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0a\u53f8\u3001\u300a\u67f3\u8449\u5200\u300b\u671f\u520a\u3001\u6574\u500b\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u3001\u5a92\u9ad4\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a8\u5378\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

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\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Wakefield et al, 1998, The Lancet, 351, 637-41.
\nPeter McIntyre, Julie Leask, Improving uptake of MMR vaccine, BMJ. 2008 Apr 5; 336(7647): 729\u2013730.
\nGeneral Practitioners Committee Focus on vaccines and immunisations Guidance for GPs
\nImmunisation against infectious disease (Green Book), Public Health England, 2014, Sep.
\nThe Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Postnot on Vaccine and Public Health, Nov.2004
\nHouse of Common Library Reports, Measles and MMR statistics, February 17, 2009
\nScience Media Centre, MMR: Learning Lessons, A report on the meeting hosted by the Science Media Centre on 2nd May 2002.
\nhttp:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/Conditions\/MMR\/Documents\/
\nhttp:\/\/www.ministryofethics.co.uk\/?p=9&q=2
\nBBC: the MMR timeline: http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/health\/1808956.stm<\/p>\n

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