{"id":18956,"date":"2014-05-19T18:13:47","date_gmt":"2014-05-19T10:13:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/2014\/05\/19\/zombies-once-destroyed-japans-economy-now-theyre-infecting-chinas\/"},"modified":"2014-05-19T18:13:47","modified_gmt":"2014-05-19T10:13:47","slug":"zombies-once-destroyed-japans-economy-now-theyre-infecting-chinas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/2014\/05\/19\/zombies-once-destroyed-japans-economy-now-theyre-infecting-chinas\/","title":{"rendered":"\u73fe\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u66fe\u63a8\u57ae\u65e5\u672c\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u623f\u7522\u6ce1\u6cab\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u9ad4\u5236"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/farm1.staticflickr.com\/61\/219579407_2990f2806d_z.jpg?zz=1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/farm1.staticflickr.com\/61\/219579407_2990f2806d_z.jpg?zz=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"512\" height=\"320\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000; text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5168\u7403\u9818\u5c0e\u5730\u4f4d\u6b63\u9010\u6f38\u55aa\u5931\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u500b\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e2d\u7684\u6771\u65b9\u8d85\u7d1a\u5f37\u6b0a\uff0c\u6b63\u6e96\u5099\u96a8\u6642\u53d6\u4ee3\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6771\u65b9\u5f37\u570b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5\u5091\u51fa\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u502b\u7406\u3001\u5132\u84c4\u7fd2\u6163\u3001\u81ea\u5f8b\u6027\u53ca\u6578\u5b78\u6280\u5de7\u805e\u540d\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e14\u65e9\u5df2\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5176\u53d6\u4ee3\u7f8e\u570b\u5730\u4f4d\u65e9\u5df2\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6642\u9593\u65e9\u665a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000; text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">\u6216\u8a31\u4f60\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u8aaa\u7684\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5728\u8b1b 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u300c\u4eca\u65e5\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u5d1b\u8d77\u800c\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u7126\u616e\u611f\u548c\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u60c5\u5f62\u9817\u6709\u4f3c\u66fe\u76f8\u8b58\u7684\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u53ef\u91cd\u6f14\u65e5\u672c\u5d1b\u8d77\u5f8c\u96a8\u4e4b\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u8870\u9000\u548c\u4e0d\u666f\u6c23\u3002\u300dPatrick Chovenac\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5728\u8cc7\u7522\u7ba1\u7406\u516c\u53f8\u00a0<a href=\"\/\/www.silvercrestgroup.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Silvercrest<\/a>\u00a0\u4efb\u8077\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u5c08\u5bb6\u8aaa\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u300c1980 \u53ca 90 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u8457\u986f\u8457\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e26\u975e\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u50cf\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u9019\u662f\u5169\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6703\u9020\u6210\u76f8\u540c\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u9280\u884c\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u672c\u7684\u6210\u9577\u5feb\u901f\u8870\u9000\u7684\u50f5\u5c4d\u9280\u884c\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u5011\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">Chovenac \u6307\u7684\u662f\u7576\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\u8da8\u7de9\u6642\uff0c\u9280\u884c\u6216\u653f\u5e9c\u70ba\u4e86\u4e0d\u8b93\u4e0d\u8cfa\u9322\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5012\u9589\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u4e00\u9ede\u4e00\u6ef4\u5730\u6ce8\u5165\u65b0\u8cb8\u6b3e\u7d66\u90a3\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u4f86\u4f7f\u5b83\u5011\u4fdd\u6301\u71df\u904b\u3002\u800c\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u51fa\u53e3\u7684\u597d\u666f\u6c23\u7a81\u7136\u4e2d\u65b7\u5f8c\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u5931\u843d\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u300d\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u6c89\u8ff7\u65bc\u501f\u8cb8\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u537b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u76f8\u5c0d\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u6a5f\u5236\u4f86\u76e3\u63a7\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u51fa\u53e3\u5c0e\u5411\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6b63\u5728\u8870\u9000\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u540c\u6a23\u4e5f\u9762\u81e8\u4e86\u51fa\u53e3\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\u5371\u6a5f\u3002\u800c\u4e3b\u6d41\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u672a\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u4e2d\u570b\u5c07\u6703\u906d\u9047\u7f8e\u570b\u5f0f\u7684\u9280\u884c\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u8b93\u4e0d\u8cfa\u9322\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u901a\u901a\u5012\u9589\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u5c07\u6703\u5be6\u65bd\u6539\u9769\u4f86\u8b93\u5176\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u7de9\u6b65\u6210\u9577\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u4f46\u4e2d\u570b\u5176\u5be6\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u547d\u904b\u662f\u7d93\u6b77\u50cf\u65e5\u672c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u300c\u50f5\u5c4d\u611f\u67d3\u300d\uff0c\u8b93\u5176\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0d\u666f\u6c23\u6642\u85c9\u7531\u501f\u8cb8\u4f86\u7dad\u6301\u904b\u8f49\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"\/\/qzprod.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/investment-share-of-gdp-china-japan1.png?w=1024&amp;h=580\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/qzprod.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/investment-share-of-gdp-china-japan1.png?w=1024&amp;h=580\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"349\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul style=\"color: #000000;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u5148\u5f9e\u6578\u5b57\u770b\u4e2d\u570b\u548c\u65e5\u672c<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>[dropcaps]1.[\/dropcaps]\u00a0\u7686\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5728 1968 \u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u53d6\u4ee3\u897f\u5fb7\u6210\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u3002\u800c\u4e2d\u570b\u5728 2010 \u5e74\u4ee5 5.9 \u5146\u7684\u540d\u76ee GDP \u8d85\u904e\u65e5\u672c\u7684 5.5 \u5146\u6210\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>[dropcaps]2. [\/dropcaps]\u4f54\u5168\u7403 10% \u7684 GDP<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5728 1990 \u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5df2\u4f54\u6709 10% \u7684 GDP\uff08\u7531 IMF \u900f\u904e<a href=\"\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%B7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u8cfc\u8cb7\u529b\u5e73\u50f9<\/a>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8a08\u7b97\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u570b\u5247\u662f\u5728 2007 \u5e74\u9054\u6210\u9019\u500b\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>[dropcaps]3.[\/dropcaps] \u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u9280\u884c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5728 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\uff0c\u7531\u7e3d\u8cc7\u7522\u4f86\u8a08\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e94\u5bb6\u5546\u696d\u9280\u884c\u90fd\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u3002\u800c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u524d 10 \u5927\u9280\u884c\u6709 4 \u5bb6\u4f86\u81ea\u4e2d\u570b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"\/\/qzprod.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/four-of-the-world-s-10-biggest-banks-are-chinese-assets_chartbuilder-3.png?w=1024&amp;h=575\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/qzprod.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/four-of-the-world-s-10-biggest-banks-are-chinese-assets_chartbuilder-3.png?w=1024&amp;h=575\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"345\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul style=\"color: #000000;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u9b54\u8853\u822c\u9020\u6210\u66ab\u6642\u6027\u8d85\u7d1a\u6210\u9577\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u4e2d\u570b\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5947\u8e5f\u5728\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5f88\u985e\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>[dropcaps]1. [\/dropcaps]\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u7d93\u6fdf\u5947\u8e5f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong>\u65e5\u672c\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u300c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u5f8c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u5efa\u8a2d\u548c\u7522\u696d\u88ab\u6467\u6bc0\u6b86\u76e1\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u56e0\u6b64\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5728\u4e0d\u9760\u5916\u570b\u6295\u8cc7\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u523a\u6fc0\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u751f\u7522\u80fd\u529b\u5feb\u901f\u6062\u5fa9\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6a21\u578b\u5141\u8a31\u8ca1\u653f\u90e8\u548c\u5176\u57f7\u884c\u6a5f\u69cb\u5982\u65e5\u672c\u9280\u884c\uff0c\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u78ba\u4fdd\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u7522\u696d\u80fd\u5920\u5f97\u5230\u9069\u6642\u7684\u8cc7\u91d1\u6339\u6ce8\u3002\u300dR.Taggart Murphy\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5728\u7b51\u6ce2\u5927\u5b78\u4efb\u6559\u7684\u5546\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u5728\u5176 1996 \u5e74\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300aThe Real Price of Japanese Economy\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u7136\u800c\u6240\u8b02\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u7522\u696d\u662f\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u800c\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\uff0c\u5728 1950 \u5e74\u4ee3\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u7d21\u7e54\u88fd\u9020\u7522\u696d\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6ce2\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4e2d\u7684\u512a\u5148\u7522\u696d\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u8239\u9020\u3001\u92fc\u9435\u3001\u6a5f\u5668\u3001\u6c7d\u8eca\u3001\u534a\u5c0e\u9ad4\u3001\u6d88\u8cbb\u6027\u96fb\u5b50\u7522\u54c1\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u51fa\u53e3\u5c0e\u5411\u7522\u696d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">\u4e2d\u570b\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u800c\u5728 1978 \u5e74\u9127\u5c0f\u5e73\u6539\u9769\u958b\u653e\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u96e2\u958b\u4e86\u539f\u5148\u7684\u5171\u7522\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u5236\u7684\u8def\u7dda\uff0c\u8cbf\u6613\u7684\u958b\u653e\u8b93\u4e2d\u570b\u958b\u59cb\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5176\u5728\u52de\u529b\u5bc6\u96c6\u7522\u696d\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u3002\u76f4\u5230 2000 \u5e74\u4ee3\u9593\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u70ba\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u5316\uff0c\u628a\u7d93\u6fdf\u548c\u6295\u8cc7\u6210\u9577\u7576\u4f5c\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u54e1\u7684\u5347\u8077\u7684\u8a55\u6bd4\u6a19\u6e96\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5f9e 2000 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u59cb\u63a1\u7528<a href=\"\/\/www.harvard-yenching.org\/sites\/harvard-yenching.org\/files\/featurefiles\/Sebastian%20Heilmann%20and%20Lea%20Shih_The%20Rise%20of%20Industrial%20Policy%20in%20China%201978-2012.pdf?_ga=1.113112708.1832393238.1390919018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u65e5\u672c\u5f0f\u7684\u7522\u696d\u653f\u7b56<\/a>\uff08pdf\uff0cp3\uff09\uff0c\u6295\u8cc7\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7b56\u7565\u6216\u7522\u696d\u50cf\u662f\u8239\u9020\u548c\u92fc\u9435\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65e5\u672c\u5217\u70ba\u512a\u5148\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u7522\u696d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>[dropcaps]2. [\/dropcaps]\u7531\u9280\u884c\u9935\u990a\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u88fd\u9020\u696d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong>\u65e5\u672c\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u8ab0\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u9322\u7684\u6d41\u5411\uff1f\u95dc\u9375\u5728\u65bc\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5e02\u5834\u6c7a\u5b9a\u50f9\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u5230\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u628a\u91d1\u878d\u670d\u52d9\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u8ca1\u653f\u90e8\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u8ca1\u653f\u90e8\u638c\u63a7\u4ed6\u5011\u4f5c\u70ba\u7522\u696d\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5be6\u65bd\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u65e5\u672c\u9280\u884c\u638c\u63a7\u4e86\u501f\u8cb8\u5229\u7387\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u4f9b\u9700\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8feb\u4f7f\u5b58\u6b3e\u8005\u53bb\u88dc\u52a9\u501f\u6b3e\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u5b58\u6b3e\u8005\u548c\u4f01\u696d\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u63a5\u53d7\u9019\u500b\u5229\u7387\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6c92\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u6b3e\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong>\u4e2d\u570b\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5118\u7ba1\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u653e\u4e86\u80a1\u7968\u548c\u50b5\u5238\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u91d1\u878d\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4ecd\u7531\u8ca0\u8cac\u878d\u8cc7\u7d66\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u570b\u71df\u4e8b\u696d\u7684\u570b\u71df\u9280\u884c\u6240\u4e3b\u5bb0\u8457\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u4e2d\u570b\u592e\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u6c11\u9280\u884c\u4ecd\u7136\u4ee5\u4eba\u70ba\u5236\u5b9a\u6975\u4f4e\u7684\u5b58\u6b3e\u5229\u7387\uff0c\u4f86\u8b93\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5f9e\u5bb6\u6236\u548c\u6709\u9084\u6b3e\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u624b\u4e2d\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u501f\u8cb8\u8005\u624b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e14\u9280\u884c\u7522\u696d\u4ecd\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u6700\u53d7\u4fdd\u8b77\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u7522\u696d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u800c\u65e5\u672c\u76f4\u5230\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u5e7e\u9593\u300c<a href=\"\/\/qz.com\/133588\/chinas-superbank-is-the-latest-bad-solution-to-chinas-credit-addiction\/\">\u653f\u7b56\u9280\u884c<\/a>\u300d\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u8cc7\u52a9\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u8a08\u756b\u548c\u7279\u5b9a\u767c\u5c55\u7522\u696d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>[dropcaps]3. [\/dropcaps]\u4ee5\u4eba\u8108\u95dc\u4fc2\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u9280\u884c\u696d\u52d9<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong>\u65e5\u672c\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u65e5\u672c\u9280\u884c\u696d\u52d9\u7dad\u6301\u8457\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u501f\u8cb8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u9593\u9280\u884c\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f01\u696d\u5ba2\u6236\u5efa\u7acb\u9577\u671f\u4e14\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u4e3b\u8981\u9280\u884c\u5236\u5ea6\u300d\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\u4fe1\u7528\u8a55\u50f9\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u800c\u4e14\u56e0\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u5b9a\u7684\u5229\u7387\u8b93\u9280\u884c\u5341\u5206\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u5716\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u958b\u59cb\u760b\u72c2\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u501f\u9322\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\uff0c\u4ee5\u7e3d\u8cc7\u7522\u4f86\u8a08\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e94\u5927\u9280\u884c\u90fd\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">\u4e2d\u570b\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u81f3\u65bc\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u570b\u71df\u9280\u884c\u5730\u65b9\u5206\u652f\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1\uff0c\u53ca\u570b\u71df\u4f01\u696d\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90fd\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u800c\u4e14\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u6709\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u8a98\u56e0\u53bb\u8b93\u300c\u501f\u8cb8\u523a\u6fc0 GDP \u6210\u9577\u8a08\u5283\u300d\u7684\u5229\u7387\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u6975\u4f4e\u7684\u6c34\u6e96\uff1b\u800c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u54e1\u548c\u9280\u884c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u9593\u7cfe\u7e8f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u8b93\u5176\u7522\u751f\u98a8\u96aa\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u548c\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>[dropcaps]4.[\/dropcaps] \u75b2\u8edf\u7684\u8ca8\u5e63<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong>\u65e5\u672c\uff1a\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u9664\u4e86\u4fbf\u5b9c\u4e14\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5177\u7af6\u722d\u6027\u7684\u50f9\u683c\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u9805\u51fa\u53e3\u5c0e\u5411\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u904e\u53bb\u85c9\u7531\u8b93\u8ca8\u5e63\u6bd4\u539f\u672c\u61c9\u6709\u7684\u50f9\u683c\u4f4e 30% \u4f86\u9054\u5230\u9019\u500b\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5728\u5176 1970 \u5e74\u4ee3\u5df2\u7d93\u653e\u9b06\u4e86\u9019\u9805\u56fa\u5b9a\u532f\u7387\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u7ba1\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong>\u4e2d\u570b\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u7206\u767c\u5728 1994 \u5e74\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u7576\u653f\u5e9c\u63a1\u7528\u4e00\u7a2e\u9650\u5236\u7684\u7f8e\u5143\u8a08\u50f9\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u8b93\u4eba\u6c11\u5e63\u5c0d\u7f8e\u5143\u6bd4\u524d\u5e74\u4f4e 44% \u7684\u50f9\u683c\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5728 2005 \u5e74\u5df2\u7d93\u9b06\u7d81\u9019\u500b\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8b93\u4eba\u6c11\u5e63\u5c0d\u7f8e\u5143\u5347\u503c 35%\uff0c\u4f46\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u4ecd\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u6c11\u5e63\u6bd4\u5176\u61c9\u6709\u7684\u50f9\u683c\u4f4e 5~10%\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u4ecd\u63a7\u5236\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u5e63\u7684\u50f9\u683c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6c92\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u5230\u5e95\u503c\u591a\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>[dropcaps]5.[\/dropcaps] \u6295\u8cc7\u5c0e\u5411\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\u523a\u6fc0\u8457\u51fa\u53e3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">\u65e5\u672c\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u56e0\u70ba\u4f4e\u5ec9\u501f\u8cb8\u800c\u5feb\u901f\u6210\u9577\u7684\u751f\u7522\u80fd\u529b\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u570b\u5167\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u65e5\u672c\u9078\u64c7\u51fa\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u800c\u4e14\u56e0\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7de3\u6545\uff0c\u8b93\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u7522\u54c1\u7570\u5e38\u7684\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u54c1\u6bd4\u5176\u5b83\u7af6\u722d\u5c0d\u624b\u4fbf\u5b9c\u8a31\u591a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e6b\u5b83\u596a\u53d6\u5230\u4e0d\u5c11\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u4efd\u984d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5e38\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u51fa\u53e3\u5c0e\u5411\u300d\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u66f4\u7cbe\u6e96\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u300c\u6295\u8cc7\u5c0e\u5411\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u51fa\u53e3\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\u8cc7\u52a9\u9020\u6210\u7684\u904e\u5ea6\u751f\u7522\u4e0b\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u7d50\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">\u4e2d\u570b\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u69ae\u666f\u540c\u6a23\u53d7\u60e0\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u6295\u8cc7\u7d93\u6fdf\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u6d88\u8cbb\u5b58\u6b3e\u8005\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5bb6\u6236\uff0c\u4f86\u4fc3\u9032\u7522\u696d\u7372\u5229\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5c07\u751f\u7522\u5269\u9918\u6339\u6ce8\u5230\u570b\u5916\u5e02\u5834\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>[dropcaps]6. [\/dropcaps]\u6975\u4f4e\u7684\u5bb6\u6236\u6d88\u8cbb\u984d\u548c\u5176\u760b\u72c2\u7684\u5b58\u6b3e\u884c\u70ba<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u7576\u65e5\u672c\u9280\u884c\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5229\u7387\u7d66\u5b58\u6b3e\uff0c\u4fbf\u5b9c\u7684\u65e5\u5713\u5c31\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5bb6\u6236\u548c\u5c0f\u4f01\u696d\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u9084\u7dca\u7dca\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u8457\u6d41\u5230\u570b\u5916\u7684\u91d1\u9322\u6578\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u7576\u4f60\u8d8a\u89ba\u5f97\u6c92\u9322\uff0c\u5c31\u8d8a\u6703\u9032\u884c\u5b58\u6b3e\uff0c\u800c\u6295\u8cc7\u4f54 GDP \u6210\u9577\u7684\u4efd\u984d\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>[dropcaps]7. [\/dropcaps]\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u54e1\u5805\u5b9a\u4e0d\u79fb\u7684\u4fe1\u8cf4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">\u65e5\u672c\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5728 1990 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7d93\u6fdf\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5091\u51fa\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u8b93\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u548c\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u65e5\u672c\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u5c07\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u5728 1945 \u5e74\u5f8c\u5c31\u6c92\u8b93\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5bb6\u9280\u884c\u5012\u9589\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u8996\u70ba\u5176\u5f37\u76db\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\uff1b\u800c\u56e0\u70ba\u623f\u50f9\u5728\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u5c31\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u6703\u5d29\u76e4\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u7d50\u679c\u65e5\u672c\u570b\u5167\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u5c07\u65e5\u672c\u7522\u696d\u5fa9\u7526\uff0c\u6b78\u529f\u65bc\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u76e3\u7763\u800c\u975e\u5176\u8d85\u4f4e\u7684\u501f\u6b3e\u5229\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u5ff5\u80cc\u5f8c\u652f\u6490\u7684\u662f\u300c<strong>\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u5fc5\u5b9a\u6703\u6301\u7e8c\u501f\u6b3e<\/strong>\u300d\u9019\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong>\u4e2d\u570b\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u73fe\u5728\u5247\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u8a8d\u4f5c\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u90a3\u4e9b\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u7d93\u6b77\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u529f\u653e\u7de9\u5176\u6295\u8cc7\u5c0e\u5411\u7684\u7e41\u69ae\u666f\u6c23\u7684\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u8005\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u4eba\u6c11\u5e63\u4f5c\u5c0d\u7684\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u6240\u53cd\u64ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u5916\u532f\u5b58\u5e95\u548c\u5176\u5b98\u54e1\u7684\u884c\u653f\u80fd\u529b\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\u80fd\u5920\u89e3\u6c7a\u9280\u884c\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u540c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728 1990 \u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\u6240\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u5bb6\u6236\u4ecd\u8a8d\u70ba\u623f\u50f9\u4e0d\u6703\u4e0b\u8dcc\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u5927\u773e\u9055\u7d04\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u5373\u5c07\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c07\u6703\u95dc\u6ce8\u90a3\u4e9b\u501f\u7d66\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u58de\u5e33\u3002<\/p>\n<ul style=\"color: #000000;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u6ce1\u6cab\u5371\u6a5f<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u5176\u5b58\u7e8c\u6642\u90fd\u5f88\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6210\u9577\u6709\u6642\u5fc5\u9808\u88ab\u653e\u68c4\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5c0d\u65e5\u672c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u767c\u751f\u5728 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u3002\u7576\u6642\u9010\u6b65\u8d70\u5f37\u7684\u65e5\u5713\u4f7f\u5f97\u570b\u5bb6\u9762\u81e8\u8870\u9000\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u5e9c\u9032\u884c\u8ca1\u653f\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8072\u6d6a\u4e5f\u9010\u6f38\u5347\u9ad8\uff0c\u8b93\u6b98\u5b58\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u7d93\u6fdf\u8a08\u5283\u8f49\u70ba\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u3002\u4e0d\u8b00\u800c\u5408\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u76ee\u524d\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u5728\u5169\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u5e7e\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u666f\u6c23\u7684\u7e41\u69ae\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u25cf \u5ee3\u5834\u5354\u8b70\uff08\u65e5\u672c\uff09\u53ca\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u6a5f\uff08\u4e2d\u570b\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u64d4\u5fc3\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5f37\u52e2\u5c07\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u88fd\u9020\u696d\u9020\u6210\u50b7\u5bb3\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u5728 1985 \u5e74\u7684\u5ee3\u5834\u5354\u8b70\u6210\u529f\u8feb\u4f7f\u65e5\u5713\u5c0d\u7f8e\u5143\u5347\u503c\u3002\u65e5\u5713\u5728 1985 \uff5e 1988 \u5e74\u9593\u5c0d\u7f8e\u5143\u5347\u503c\u4e86 100%\uff0c\u9019\u541e\u566c\u6389\u4e86\u5176\u51fa\u53e3\u7684\u7af6\u722d\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u540c\u65e5\u672c\u5c08\u5bb6 R. Taggart Murphy \u6240\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u51fa\u53e3\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u51fa\u53e3\u5546\u958b\u59cb\u70ba\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u5e02\u5834\u4f54\u6709\u7387\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u964d\u4f4e\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u570b\u5167\u7684\u751f\u7522\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u65e5\u672c\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\u66b4\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u81f3\u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u767c\u751f\u5728 2008 \u5e74\u7684\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u6a5f\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u4e2d\u570b\u5728 2005 \u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u9010\u6f38\u5347\u503c\u5176\u8ca8\u5e63\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u63d0\u524d\u9810\u9632\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4f46\u7576\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u6a5f\u767c\u751f\u6642\u5b83\u4ecd\u9762\u81e8\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u25cf \u4fbf\u5b9c\u7684\u8cb8\u6b3e\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u5834\u6295\u8cc7\u7684\u76db\u5bb4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u300c\u70ba\u4e86\u9762\u5c0d\u5347\u503c\u4e2d\u7684\u65e5\u5713\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5728 1986 \u5e74\u4e00\u6708\u7684 5% \u91cd\u8cbc\u73fe\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\u5230 1987 \u5e74\u4e8c\u6708\u7684 2.5%\u3002\u7576\u4fbf\u5b9c\u7684\u8cc7\u91d1\u6e67\u5411\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u6295\u8cc7\u7684\u71b1\u6f6e\u4fbf\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u8ca1\u653f\u90e8\u84c4\u610f\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u8cc7\u7522\u50f9\u683c\u7684\u901a\u81a8\u4f86\u964d\u4f4e\u65e5\u672c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u878d\u8cc7\u6210\u672c\u3002\u300dMurphy \u8ac7\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u7576\u5168\u7403\u8870\u9000\u8feb\u5728\u7709\u776b\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u59cb\u964d\u4f4e\u5229\u7387\u3001\u6e1b\u4f4e\u9280\u884c\u7559\u5b58\u8cc7\u91d1\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u767c\u8d77\u4e86 4 \u5146\u4eba\u6c11\u5e63\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5176\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7531\u9280\u884c\u8cb8\u6b3e\u4f9b\u61c9\u3002\u9019\u500b\u523a\u6fc0\u65b9\u6848\u5c07\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8cc7\u91d1\u6d41\u5f80\u5927\u578b GDP \u6210\u9577\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u57fa\u790e\u5efa\u8a2d\u6216\u662f\u623f\u5730\u7522\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u800c\u9019\u80a1\u501f\u8cb8\u71b1\u6f6e\u4ecd\u5728\u5ef6\u7e8c\u8457\uff0c\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u6a5f\u5f8c\u7684\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u878d\u8cc7\u984d\u4ecd\u4ee5\u6bcf\u5e74 16% \u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u53bb\u5e74\uff0c\u6295\u8cc7\u4ecd\u4f54\u4e86\u4e00\u534a\u7684 GDP \u4efd\u984d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u25cf \u6295\u6a5f\u884c\u70ba\u50cf\u6efe\u96ea\u7403\u822c\u6210\u9577<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u8b93\u591a\u6578\u500b\u4eba\u548c\u5c0f\u4f01\u696d\u96e3\u4ee5\u9032\u884c\u6d77\u5916\u6295\u8cc7\u3002\u5728\u7121\u8655\u53ef\u53bb\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c07\u8cc7\u91d1\u6295\u5165\u570b\u5167\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u548c\u8cc7\u672c\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u50f9\u683c\u98c6\u5347\u3002\u7576\u80a1\u7968\u4e0a\u6f32\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u958b\u59cb\u767c\u884c\u65b0\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u4f86\u878d\u8cc7\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\u9019\u6bd4\u4ed8\u9280\u884c 5% \u501f\u6b3e\u5229\u606f\u4fbf\u5b9c\u591a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u300c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728 1985~1990 \u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u5834\u52df\u5230\u4e86 85 \u5146\u65e5\u5713\u3002\u300d\u8a18\u8005 Christopher Wood \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u66f8\u300a<a href=\"\/\/www.amazon.com\/The-Bubble-Economy-Extraordinary-Speculative\/dp\/9793780126\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Bubble Economy<\/a>\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u516c\u53f8\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u9019\u7b46\u9322\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5011\u628a\u9019\u7b46\u9322\u518d\u6295\u5165\u5230\u80a1\u7968\u6216\u8cc7\u672c\u5e02\u5834\u4e2d\uff0c\u8b93\u6ce1\u6cab\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u66f4\u52a0\u5287\u70c8\u3002\u800c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c07\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u5217\u70ba\u516c\u53f8\u6536\u76ca\uff0c\u9019\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u9ad8\u4e86\u80a1\u7968\u50f9\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u96d6\u7136\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u5834\u5728 2007 \u5e74\u6ce1\u6cab\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6b63\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u623f\u5c4b\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u623f\u50f9\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u5e7e\u5e74\u9593\u5c31\u6f32\u4e86\u4e00\u500d\u4e0d\u6b62\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u8b93\u76f8\u4fe1\u623f\u50f9\u6703\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0a\u6f32\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u7e7c\u7e8c\u6050\u614c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5927\u6295\u8cc7\u8005\u50cf\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u4f01\u696d\u85c9\u7531\u6295\u8cc7\u623f\u5730\u7522\u63d0\u5347\u7372\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u6642\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u696d\u52d9\u537b\u6b63\u5728\u840e\u7e2e\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u9280\u884c\u64c1\u6709\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u50b5\u5806\u7a4d\u5728\u624b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"\/\/qzprod.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/real_estate_change.png?w=1024&amp;h=576\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/qzprod.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/real_estate_change.png?w=1024&amp;h=576\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul style=\"color: #000000;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u88ab\u96b1\u85cf\u7684\u623f\u5730\u7522\u5371\u6a5f<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u623f\u5730\u7522\u6ce1\u6cab\u5f88\u5c11\u4e0d\u7d93\u7531\u9280\u884c\u5371\u6a5f\u4f86\u7d50\u675f\uff0c\u4f46\u96a8\u8457\u7d04\u83ab 80% \u7684\u9280\u884c\u90fd\u9593\u63a5\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u501f\u9322\u5230\u623f\u5730\u7522\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u540c Wood \u6240\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\uff0c\u8b93\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u623f\u5730\u7522\u5e02\u5834\u52a0\u5287\u4e86\u5176\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u6a5f\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u653e\u8cb8\u7fd2\u6163\u6709\u8457\u540c\u6a23\u4ee4\u4eba\u64d4\u5fc3\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec Silvercrest \u7684 Chovanec \u6240\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u5728<strong>\u4e2d\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e2d\u623f\u5730\u7522\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u9375\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u8cb8\u6b3e<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u25cf \u9280\u884c\u4ee5\u901a\u81a8\u4e2d\u7684\u623f\u5730\u7522\u50f9\u503c\u4f86\u653e\u8cb8<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u300c\u65e5\u672c\u9280\u884c\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u7531\u8cc7\u7522\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u4f86\u653e\u8cb8\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u7372\u5229\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u623f\u5730\u7522\u5951\u7d04\u662f\u6700\u6709\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u64d4\u4fdd\u54c1\u3002\u300dWood \u89e3\u91cb\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u9019\u7a2e\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u8cc7\u672c\u5e02\u5834\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\u6642\u5341\u5206\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u7576\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u5927\u591a\u4ef0\u8cf4\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u5834\u4f86\u52df\u8cc7\u6642\uff0c\u9280\u884c\u9700\u8981\u627e\u65b0\u7684\u5ba2\u6236\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c0f\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u4f46\u56e0\u70ba\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u65b0\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u9280\u884c\u9078\u64c7\u7528\u623f\u5730\u7522\u7576\u4f5c\u64d4\u4fdd\u54c1\u4f86\u653e\u8cb8\u3002\u4e0d\u65b7\u4e0a\u6f32\u7684\u623f\u5730\u7522\u50f9\u683c\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5927\u7684\u501f\u6b3e\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u56e0\u70ba\u623f\u50f9\u5728\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u5c31\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u9280\u884c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5176\u653e\u6b3e\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"\/\/qzprod.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/japan-percentage-of-loans-secured-by-real-estate-loans-secured-by-real-estate-as-of-total_chartbuilder.png?w=1024&amp;h=576\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/qzprod.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/japan-percentage-of-loans-secured-by-real-estate-loans-secured-by-real-estate-as-of-total_chartbuilder.png?w=1024&amp;h=576\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9280\u884c\u4e0d\u53ea\u653e\u8cb8\u7d66\u901a\u81a8\u7684\u623f\u5730\u7522\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9023\u9020\u5047\u7684\u4e5f\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u300c\u5c0d\u623f\u5730\u7522\u958b\u767c\u5546\u548c\u5730\u4e0b\u9280\u884c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u623f\u5730\u7522\u7576\u64d4\u4fdd\u54c1\u4f86\u8cb8\u65b0\u7684\u6b3e\u662f\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\u300dVictor Shih\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u8056\u5730\u4e9e\u54e5\u6821\u5340\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\u8aaa\u5230\u3002\u300c\u7136\u800c\u4e2d\u570b\u8861\u91cf\u64d4\u4fdd\u54c1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u975e\u5e38\u96e3\u61c2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u90a3\u4e9b\u64d4\u4fdd\u54c1\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u8a55\u4f30\u7684\u6bd4\u5176\u5e02\u5834\u6de8\u503c\u9ad8\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">Shih \u544a\u8a34 \u300aQuartz\u300b\uff0c\u300c\u53ea\u8981\u9280\u884c\u548c\u653e\u6b3e\u8005\u63a5\u53d7\u90a3\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u64d4\u4fdd\u54c1\u50f9\u503c\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c07\u6703\u7e7c\u7e8c\u653e\u6b3e\u7d66\u90a3\u4e9b\u7d55\u671b\u7684\u8cb8\u6b3e\u8005\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u25cf \u8cb8\u6b3e\u537b\u518d\u5ea6\u6d41\u56de\u5230\u623f\u5730\u7522<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e5\u672c\u9280\u884c\u4ee5\u623f\u5730\u7522\u4f5c\u70ba\u64d4\u4fdd\u54c1\u5e36\u51fa\u7684\u6b3e\u9805\uff0c\u53c8\u518d\u88ab\u7528\u53bb\u7d66\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u623f\u5730\u7522\u958b\u767c\u3002\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u5faa\u74b0\u66f4\u52a0\u5287\u70c8\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8a31\u591a\u975e\u623f\u5730\u7522\u516c\u53f8\u88ab\u5438\u5f15\u9032\u9019\u500b\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4ee3\u8868\u7576\u623f\u5730\u7522\u50f9\u683c\u91cd\u632b\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u66f4\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u6839\u64da\u91ce\u6751\u96c6\u5718\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u6709\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u5728\u5916\u6d41\u901a\u8cb8\u6b3e\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u623f\u5730\u7522\uff0c\u9019\u6bd4 2005 \u5e74\u7684 14% \u9ad8\u51fa\u4e0d\u5c11\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u8da8\u52e2\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u66f4\u52a0\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u623f\u5730\u7522\u8cb8\u6b3e\u5728\u65b0\u8cb8\u6b3e\u4e2d\u4f54\u4e86 26% \u7684\u4efd\u984d\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u53c3\u8207\u5728 4.8 \u5146\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u9280\u884c\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u623f\u5730\u7522\u4f5c\u70ba\u64d4\u4fdd\u54c1\u4f86\u501f\u6b3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"\/\/qzprod.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/collage_oustanding-housing-loans.jpg?w=1024&amp;h=389\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/qzprod.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/collage_oustanding-housing-loans.jpg?w=1024&amp;h=389\" alt=\"\" width=\"717\" height=\"272\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul style=\"color: #000000;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u66f4\u591a\u8cb8\u6b3e\u4f86\u81ea\u5f71\u5b50\u9280\u884c\u9ad4\u7cfb<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\u5916\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u4f4f\u5c08\uff0cJusen\u300d\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4f4f\u5c08\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5728 1970 \u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u7531\u9280\u884c\u5275\u7acb\u4e26\u8cc7\u52a9\u7528\u4f86\u8cb8\u6b3e\u7d66\u623f\u5730\u7522\u7684\u975e\u9280\u884c\u91d1\u878d\u6a5f\u69cb\u3002\u5728 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\u9593\uff0c\u4f4f\u5c08\u653e\u6b3e\u7d66\u8a31\u591a\u6bcd\u9280\u884c\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u5f9e\u4e8b\u8457\u6975\u9ad8\u98a8\u96aa\u7684\u5730\u7522\u6295\u8cc7\u3002\u9019\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4f4f\u5c08\u6c92\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u554f\u984c\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8ab0\u6700\u7d42\u653e\u51fa\u9019\u4e9b\u6b3e\u9805\u66f4\u662f\u500b\u5927\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u4e00\u500b\u986f\u8457\u7684\u985e\u4f3c\u6a5f\u69cb\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u4fe1\u8a17\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5728\u5f71\u5b50\u9280\u884c\u9ad4\u7cfb\u64d4\u4efb\u91cd\u8981\u8173\u8272\u7684\u8cc7\u7522\u7ba1\u7406\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u4e0d\u50cf\u4f4f\u5c08\u53ea\u6295\u8cc7\u7d66\u623f\u5730\u7522\u3001\u4fe1\u8a17\u516c\u53f8\u6295\u8cc7\u7d66\u5927\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u7522\u696d\uff0c\u4f46\u623f\u5730\u7522\u537b\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u71b1\u9580\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u300c\u5728\u4e09\u6708\uff0c10% \u7684\u4fe1\u8a17\u8cb8\u6b3e\u662f\u5728\u623f\u5730\u7522\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u300d\u6839\u64da David Cui\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f8e\u570b\u9280\u884c\u548c\u7f8e\u6797\u8b49\u5238\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5c08\u5bb6\u8aaa\u5230\u3002\u4eca\u5e74\u6709\u5927\u7d04 6340 \u5104\u4eba\u6c11\u5e63\u7684\u4fe1\u8a17\u8cb8\u6b3e\u5230\u671f\uff0c\u6bd4 2013 \u6574\u6574\u591a\u51fa\u4e86\u6574\u6574 50%\u3002<\/p>\n<ul style=\"color: #000000;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u65e5\u672c\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u8ab2<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u96d6\u7136\u4e2d\u570b\u5728 2007 \u5e74\u80a1\u5e02\u6ce1\u6cab\u5df2\u7d93\u7834\u88c2\uff0c\u4f46\u73fe\u5728\u4ecd\u6709\u623f\u5e02\u6ce1\u6cab\u7b49\u8457\u4e2d\u570b\u53bb\u9762\u5c0d\u3002\u800c\u82e5\u623f\u5e02\u6ce1\u6cab\u7834\u88c2\u6703\u767c\u751f\u751a\u9ebc\u4e8b\uff1f<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u5011\u4e0b\u9762\u5c07\u63a2\u8a0e\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7d93\u9a57\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u9019\u5c07\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7aef\u770b\u653f\u5e9c\u6703\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7528\u820a\u7684\u760b\u72c2\u501f\u8cb8\u7d93\u6fdf\u6a21\u578b\u4f86\u633d\u6551\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u9078\u64c7\u9032\u884c\u91d1\u878d\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u8b93\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u9280\u884c\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u5012\u9589\u3002<\/p>\n<ul style=\"color: #000000;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u7834\u7522\u548c\u58de\u5e33\u7684\u5f8c\u907a\u75c7<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u65e5\u672c\u6700\u7d42\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\u7de9\u6162\u7684\u5217\u8eca\u5931\u4e8b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7d50\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5728 1989 \u5e74\u7d50\u675f\u6642\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u80a1\u5e02\u4f54\u5168\u7403\u80a1\u5e02\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u984d\uff08\u6839\u64da Gillian Tett \u7684\u66f8\u300a<a href=\"\/\/www.books.com.tw\/exep\/assp.php\/Techorange\/products\/0010244884?utm_source=Techorange&amp;utm_medium=ap-books&amp;utm_content=recommend&amp;utm_campaign=ap-201405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u65b0\u6ce1\u6cab\u7d93\u6fdf\uff1a\u65e5\u672c\u9280\u884c\u7684\u5d29\u6f70\u8207\u66d9\u5149<\/a>\u300b\u4e2d\u8aaa\u5230\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u623f\u5730\u7522\u4e5f\u4f54\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u5730\u7522\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u50f9\u503c\uff08\u6839\u64da Peter Hartcher \u5728 1997 \u5e74\u7684\u66f8\u300a<a href=\"\/\/www.books.com.tw\/exep\/assp.php\/Techorange\/products\/F010912724?utm_source=Techorange&amp;utm_medium=ap-books&amp;utm_content=recommend&amp;utm_campaign=ap-201405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Ministry<\/a>\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff09\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u964d\u4f4e\u50f9\u683c\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u9280\u884c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5229\u7387\u4ee5\u671f\u671b\u80fd\u5920\u6709\u5c0f\u5e45\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"\/\/qzprod.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/nikkei-and-land_purple.png?w=1024&amp;h=548\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/qzprod.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/nikkei-and-land_purple.png?w=1024&amp;h=548\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"329\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u7136\u800c\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u5834\u537b\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u7121\u6cd5\u963b\u64cb\u7684\u5d29\u76e4\u3002\u800c\u5728\u5169\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u623f\u5730\u7522\u5e02\u5834\u4e5f\u6b65\u4e0a\u4e86\u5f8c\u5875\u3002\u540c\u6642\u65e5\u672c\u516c\u53f8\u958b\u59cb\u5f9e\u6d77\u5916\u62bd\u56de\u8cc7\u91d1\u4f86\u88dc\u570b\u5167\u6295\u8cc7\u7684\u6d1e\uff0c\u4f7f\u65e5\u5713\u4e0a\u5347\u9032\u800c\u627c\u6bba\u4e86\u51fa\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u800c\u4f4f\u5c08\u5728 1995 \u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u5d29\u89e3\uff0c\u9280\u884c\u96a8\u4e4b\u5728 1997 \u5e74\u8ddf\u8457\u5d29\u89e3\u3002\u7576\u65e5\u672c\u5728 2000 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5f9e\u9577\u671f\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u6a5f\u4e2d\u5fa9\u7526\u6642\uff0c\u6709\u4e03\u9593\u9280\u884c\u88ab\u6536\u6b78\u570b\u6709\u3002\u800c\u4fdd\u5b88\u4f30\u8a08\u5c0d\u65e5\u672c\u7d0d\u7a05\u4eba\u7684\u640d\u5931\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4e5f\u6709<a href=\"\/\/pubs.aeaweb.org\/doi\/pdfplus\/10.1257\/089533004773563412?_ga=1.92797981.1832393238.1390919018\">\u65e5\u672c 2004 \u5e74 GDP \u7684 20%<\/a>\uff08PDF\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"\/\/qzprod.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/japan-s-post-bubble-mess-loan-losses-cumulative-loan-losses-since-1992_chartbuilder_purple.png?w=1024&amp;h=576\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/qzprod.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/japan-s-post-bubble-mess-loan-losses-cumulative-loan-losses-since-1992_chartbuilder_purple.png?w=1024&amp;h=576\" alt=\"\" width=\"614\" height=\"346\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u7136\u800c\u96d6\u7136\u4e8b\u60c5\u5728 1990 \u5e74\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u5230 2002 \u5e74\u58de\u5e33\u624d\u9054\u5230\u4f54 35% \u7e3d\u501f\u6b3e\u7684\u9ad8\u5cf0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u6703\u62d6\u9019\u9ebc\u4e45\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9280\u884c\u96b1\u779e\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u58de\u5e33\uff0c\u5728 2000 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u9280\u884c\u5c11\u56de\u5831\u4e86\u591a\u9054 37% \u7684\u58de\u5e33\u3002\u300c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u58de\u5e33\u554f\u984c\u7684\u5927\u5e45\u5bb9\u5fcd\u300dTakeo Hoshi\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u53f2\u4e39\u4f5b\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u6559\u6388\u8aaa\u9053\uff0c\u300c\u4e00\u822c\u5c0d\u58de\u5e33\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u662f\u6703\u50b7\u5bb3\u9280\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u70ba\u4f34\u96a8\u58de\u5e33\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u8db3\u5920\u9f90\u5927\uff0c\u8b93\u9280\u884c\u80fd\u5920\u627f\u64d4\u9019\u4e9b\u640d\u5931\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u7136\u800c\u9019\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u6709\u7455\u75b5\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u662f\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7d93\u6fdf\u6b63\u5728\u5fa9\u7526\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u8cc7\u91d1\u4e5f\u5c07\u6703\u6b63\u5e38\u6d41\u5411\u9ad4\u8cea\u5065\u5168\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u624b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u56de\u982d\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u9019\u4f3c\u4e4e\u986f\u5f97\u5f88\u611a\u8822\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7576\u6642\u770b\u4f86\u537b\u5341\u5206\u5408\u7406\u3002\u9280\u884c\u6301\u7e8c\u653e\u8cb8\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u6301\u7e8c\u5448\u73fe\u5927\u7d04 6% \u7684 GDP \u8d64\u5b57\uff0c\u800c\u65e5\u672c\u9280\u884c\u4e5f\u6301\u7e8c\u628a\u5229\u7387\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u63a5\u8fd1 0 \u7684\u6c34\u6e96\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u65b7\u516c\u5e03\u524d\u666f\u770b\u597d\u7684\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u4e0d\u505c\u88ab\u8b49\u5be6\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"\/\/qzprod.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/gof-growth-projections_hoshi-kashyap.png?w=640&amp;h=414\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/qzprod.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/gof-growth-projections_hoshi-kashyap.png?w=640&amp;h=414\" alt=\"\" width=\"631\" height=\"408\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u7136\u800c\u70ba\u4f55\u65e5\u672c\u53ea\u5728 15 \u5e74\u5f8c\u7684\u4eca\u5929\u624d\u986f\u51fa\u5fa9\u7526\u7684\u8de1\u8c61\u5462\uff1f\u9019\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u4ecd\u662f\u500b\u672a\u89e3\u4e4b\u8b0e\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6 Richard Koo \u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u89e3\u7b54\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u65e5\u672c\u516c\u53f8\u6b63\u9762\u81e8\u300c\u8ca1\u52d9\u72c0\u6cc1\u8868\u7684\u8870\u9000\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u75b2\u65bc\u6b78\u9084\u8ca0\u50b5\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5176\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u9019\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u4e00\u76f4\u6c92\u6709\u7e7c\u7e8c\u6210\u9577\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u300c\u4f46\u9019\u53ea\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u539f\u672c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u6c92\u6709\u7e7c\u7e8c\u6210\u9577\u300dHoshi \u8aaa\u5230\u300c\u4f46\u61c9\u8a72\u6709\u4e0d\u53d7\u904e\u53bb\u58de\u5e33\u62d6\u7d2f\u7684\u65b0\u516c\u53f8\u51fa\u73fe\u4f86\u5e36\u52d5\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u767c\u751f\u7684\u592a\u5c11\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u8b93\u9019\u4e9b\u65e5\u672c\u65b0\u5275\u516c\u53f8\u7121\u6cd5\u51fa\u73fe\uff1f<\/p>\n<ul style=\"color: #000000;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u65e5\u672c\u5931\u843d\u7684\u5341\u5e74<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u4e00\u8a00\u4ee5\u853d\u4e4b\uff1a\u300c\u6bad\u5c4d\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u5728 1987 \u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a\u5df2\u7d93\u7834\u7522\u4f46\u9760\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u6551\u6fdf\u4f86\u5b58\u6d3b\u7684\u9280\u884c\u3002Hoshi \u548c\u4ed6\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u540c\u4e8b Anil Kashyap \u64f4\u5c55\u5176\u7528\u6cd5\u4f86\u5f62\u5bb9\u55aa\u5931\u7372\u5229\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5176\u71df\u904b\u662f\u7531\u5168\u6b0a\u59d4\u4efb\u8cb8\u6b3e\u4f86\u63a8\u52d5\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5728 2000 \u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u6709\u5927\u7d04 30% \u7684\u5728\u71df\u5efa\u3001\u5730\u7522\u3001\u88fd\u9020\u3001\u96f6\u552e\u3001\u670d\u52d9\u7b49\u5404\u884c\u696d\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u4e0a\u5e02\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u53ea\u9760\u9280\u884c\u501f\u6b3e\u4f86\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u6839\u64da\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u770b\u4e0b\u5217\u5716\u8868\uff09\uff0c\u8d8a\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u8d8a\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9280\u884c\u501f\u6b3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"\/\/qzprod.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/zombie-lending-2008_caballero-et-al.png?w=656&amp;h=688\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/qzprod.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/zombie-lending-2008_caballero-et-al.png?w=656&amp;h=688\" alt=\"\" width=\"473\" height=\"496\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u70ba\u4f55\u9280\u884c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u501f\u6b3e\u7d66\u9019\u4e9b\u6bad\u5c4d\u516c\u53f8\uff1f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u5730\u903c\u8feb\u9280\u884c\u53bb\u501f\u6b3e\u7d66\u9019\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5012\u9589\u3002\u5982\u540c Tett \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8a73\u8ff0\u7684\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u903c\u8feb\u9280\u884c\u653e\u5927\u91cf\u6b3e\u9805\u7d66\u90a3\u4e9b\u5927\u578b\u7684\u7121\u7372\u5229\u80fd\u529b\u516c\u53f8\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u800c\u4e14\u5c0d\u9280\u884c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6368\u68c4\u5c0d\u6bad\u5c4d\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8cb8\u6b3e\u610f\u5473\u8457\uff0c\u8981\u70ba\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8cb8\u6b3e\u8a8d\u5217\u6578\u5341\u5104\u65e5\u5713\u7684\u640d\u5931\u3002\u9019\u4e0d\u53ea\u89f8\u53ca\u4e86\u9280\u884c\u7684\u5e95\u7dda\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8b93\u9280\u884c\u70ba\u6b64\u640d\u5931\u4ed8\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u8cc7\u672c\u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u9280\u884c\u5012\u9589\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u505a\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u6703\u8feb\u4f7f\u90a3\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u653e\u6b3e\u8005\u4e5f\u505a\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8209\u52d5\uff0c\u8b93\u6574\u500b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u627f\u53d7\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u5371\u96aa\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0cSOGO\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6bad\u5c4d\u5de8\u4eba\u3002\u300c\u4e00\u5806\u9280\u884c\u5728\u5176\u660e\u78ba\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u9084\u6b3e\u80fd\u529b\u5f8c\uff0c\u518d\u5ea6\u7d66\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u5927\u578b\u767e\u8ca8\u516c\u53f8\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u878d\u8cc7\u300dTett \u8aaa\u5230\u3002\u7576 SOGO \u5728 2000 \u5e74\u5012\u9589\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u6709\u9ad8\u9054 1.9 \u5146\u65e5\u5713\u7684\u8ca0\u50b5\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7d42\u65bc\u6709\u4e00\u5bb6\u9280\u884c\u4e0d\u9858\u518d\u8cb8\u6b3e\u4e0b\u53bb\u5c31\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5012\u9589\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u800c\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u50cf SOGO \u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6bad\u5c4d\u516c\u53f8\u80fd\u5b58\u6d3b\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u9280\u884c\u505a\u4e86\u5169\u4ef6\u6bc0\u6ec5\u6027\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u653e\u6b3e\u7d66\u90a3\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u6709\u751f\u7522\u529b\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u7cdf\u7684\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u7e7c\u7e8c\u88dc\u52a9\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u6f5b\u529b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5c0d\u624b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u6bad\u5c4d\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u7e7c\u7e8c\u58d3\u4f4e\u552e\u50f9\u4e26\u652f\u4ed8\u9ad8\u85aa\u7d66\u54e1\u5de5\u3002\u5728 SOGO \u5012\u9589\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u81f3\u5c11\u4eab\u53d7\u4e86 1.9 \u5146\u65e5\u5713\u7684\u88dc\u52a9\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e5f\u8b93\u90a3\u4e9b\u65b0\u516c\u53f8\u7121\u6cd5\u8207\u5176\u6297\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u9019\u540c\u6a23\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u70ba\u4f55\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u58de\u5e33\u554f\u984c\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u5982\u6b64\u96e3\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u300c\u5728\u8cb8\u6b3e\u5faa\u74b0\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9280\u884c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u6bad\u5c4d\u516c\u53f8\u8eab\u4e0a\u58d3\u4e86\u5169\u5230\u4e09\u500d\u7684\u6ce8\u300dKashyap \u8aaa\u5230\u3002\u300c\u5982\u679c\u9280\u884c\u9858\u610f\u5728 1994 \u5e74\u89e3\u6c7a\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u523b\u610f\u5ffd\u8996\u76f4\u5230 1997 \u5e74\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u5982\u6b64\u56b4\u91cd\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u6bad\u5c4d\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u5341\u5206\u96f7\u540c<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/qzprod.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/morgan-stanley_minsky1.png?w=640&amp;h=448\" alt=\"\" width=\"555\" height=\"389\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u80a1\u5e02\u65e9\u5df2\u91cd\u8dcc\u904e\u5f8c\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u65e5\u672c\u5f0f\u5371\u6a5f\u53ea\u6709\u623f\u5e02\u7684\u5d29\u76e4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u65e9\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u6bad\u5c4d\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5fb5\u5146\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u6c92\u6709\u5e02\u5834\u5d29\u76e4\u7684\u50ac\u5316\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93\u50cf 1990 \u5e74\u4ee3\u65e5\u672c\u591a\u904e\u50cf 1989 \u5e74\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u96d6\u7136\u501f\u8cb8\u6301\u7e8c\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u6210\u9577\u5df2\u7d93\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u56f0\u96e3\u4e86\u3002\u5728 2013 \u5e74\uff0c\u501f\u8cb8\u7684\u5e74\u589e\u7387\u5df2\u9054\u5230 10%\uff0c\u6bd4\u5176\u5b98\u65b9\u7684 GDP \u6210\u9577\u7387 7% \u9ad8\u51fa\u4e0d\u5c11\u3002\u300c\u800c\u8da8\u52e2\u5176\u5be6\u6b63\u5728\u60e1\u5316\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u73fe\u5728\u5fc5\u9808\u6bd4 2008 \u5e74\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\u591a\u51fa\u5169\u500d\u624d\u80fd\u5e36\u4f86\u4e00\u6a23\u6578\u91cf\u7684 GDP \u6210\u9577\u300dWei Yao \u4e00\u4f4d\u00a0Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale \u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u8aaa\u5230\u3002\u6839\u64da\u5176\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c<strong>\u4e2d\u570b\u73fe\u5728\u501f\u6b3e\u7684\u672c\u91d1\u52a0\u5229\u606f\u5df2\u9054\u5230\u6bcf\u5e74 GDP \u7684 38.6%<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"\/\/qzprod.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/socgen-dsr_china.png?w=681&amp;h=510\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/qzprod.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/socgen-dsr_china.png?w=681&amp;h=510\" alt=\"\" width=\"477\" height=\"357\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u4f46\u6210\u9577\u662f\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u5fa9\u7526\u7684\u8de1\u8c61\u76f4\u5230\u8cc7\u91d1\u6d41\u5411\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u7522\u696d\u70ba\u6b62\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u570b\u71df\u4f01\u696d\u6bd4\u6c11\u71df\u4f01\u696d\u7684\u7372\u5229\u80fd\u529b\u5dee\uff0c\u5927\u9280\u884c\u4ecd\u820a\u90fd\u662f\u570b\u71df\u7684\u3002\u800c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u501f\u8cb8\u9ad4\u7cfb\u59cb\u7d42\u662f\u7531\u653f\u6cbb\u800c\u975e\u5e02\u5834\u3001\u98a8\u96aa\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9280\u884c\u5927\u90fd\u9084\u662f\u628a\u8cc7\u91d1\u8cb8\u7d66\u570b\u71df\u4f01\u696d\u591a\u904e\u5c0f\u4f01\u696d\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u800c\u9019\u500b\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728 Hoshi \u770b\u4f86\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u6709\u6975\u9ad8\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u3002\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u570b\u71df\u4f01\u696d\u5750\u8457\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u5f0f\u7684\u501f\u6b3e\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u65b0\u4f01\u696d\u9000\u7e2e\u3002\u300d\u300c\u800c\u56e0\u70ba\u662f\u570b\u71df\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4e0d\u7372\u5229\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u53d7\u5230\u4fdd\u8b77\u800c\u80fd\u5728\u5e02\u5834\u4e0a\u5b58\u6d3b\uff0c\u9019\u8b93\u65b0\u4f01\u696d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7372\u5229\u5927\u5e45\u6e1b\u5c11\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u9019\u662f\u5426\u8b93\u65b0\u4f01\u696d\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u4f54\u6709\u7387\u7121\u6cd5\u63d0\u9ad8\uff1fLeland Miller\uff0cChinese Beige Book \u9019\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1\u662f\u9019\u9ebc\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u3002\u300c\u65b0\u589e\u9280\u884c\u8cb8\u6b3e\u7684\u9084\u6b3e\u7387\u6b63\u903c\u8fd1\u6b77\u53f2\u4f4e\u9ede\u3002\u300dMiller \u8aaa\u5230\u3002\u300c<strong>\u800c\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u5e7e\u5e74\u5927\u91cf\u6b3e\u9805\u88ab\u501f\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6975\u5c11\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u6d41\u5411\u6c11\u9593\u7684\u4f01\u696d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e2d\u5c0f\u578b\u4f01\u696d\u66f4\u5c11\u3002<\/strong>\u300d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"\/\/qzprod.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/fixing-chinas-state-sector_batson_paulson.png?w=640&amp;h=498\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/qzprod.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/fixing-chinas-state-sector_batson_paulson.png?w=640&amp;h=498\" alt=\"\" width=\"474\" height=\"369\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul style=\"color: #000000;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u5982\u4f55\u963b\u6b62\u66f4\u591a\u6bad\u5c4d\u7684\u5165\u4fb5\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u65e5\u672c\u60b2\u6158\u6545\u4e8b\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6559\u8a13\u660e\u767d\u5730\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u5728\u6295\u8cc7\u72c2\u6f6e\u5f8c\uff0c\u628a\u9322\u7559\u7d66\u597d\u516c\u53f8\u4e26\u8b93\u58de\u516c\u53f8\u5012\u9589\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u50cf\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u6240\u898b\u7684\u90a3\u9ebc\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u597d\u548c\u58de\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u4f60\u60f3\u63d0\u5021\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u800c\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5728 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\uff0c<strong>\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u5e02\u5834\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u5169\u689d\u9053\u8def\u4e2d\u7336\u8c6b\u8457\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u5169\u689d\u8def\u5c0d\u597d\u58de\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u7684<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u6df7\u96dc\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u96d9\u65b9\u9650\u5236\u98a8\u96aa\u548c\u4fc3\u9032\u6210\u9577\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u4e92\u76f8\u62b5\u92b7\u8457\u5c0d\u65b9\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u7576\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u91d1\u878d\u6539\u9769\u7336\u8c6b\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u88fd\u9020\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u58de\u5e33\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6390\u6b7b\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u672c\u4f86\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e36\u4f86\u6210\u9577\u7684\u65b0\u516c\u53f8\u3002<strong>\u9019\u7a2e\u5ef6\u9072\u70ba\u65e5\u672c\u6c11\u773e\u5e36\u4f86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u640d\u5931<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\u4e2d\u570b\u4e5f\u6b63\u5728\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e2d\u3002\u800c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u4e2d\u570b\u6b63\u9762\u81e8\u6bd4\u623f\u5e02\u6ce1\u6cab\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u6a5f\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e36\u9818\u4e2d\u570b\u5ea6\u904e\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u4f46\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5728\u884c\u653f\u4e0a\u96b1\u779e\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u6703\u8b93\u5176\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u5371\u96aa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9019\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u4e2d\u570b\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5ef6\u9072\u9032\u884c\u91d1\u878d\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u79fb\u9664\u5132\u84c4\u5229\u7387\u9650\u5236\u3001\u8b93\u570b\u71df\u4f01\u696d\u5012\u9589\u4ee5\u53ca\u8b93\u570b\u5916\u9280\u884c\u7af6\u722d\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u65e5\u672c\u6158\u75db\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff1a<strong>\u4e2d\u570b\u62d6\u5f97\u8d8a\u4e45\uff0c\u6bad\u5c4d\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u5c31\u6703\u8d8a\u52a0\u56b4\u91cd<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\">\uff08\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a<a href=\"\/\/qz.com\/198458\">Quartz<\/a>\uff1b\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/laughingsquid\/219579407\/sizes\/z\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scott Beale<\/a>\uff0cCC Licensed\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5168\u7403\u9818\u5c0e\u5730\u4f4d\u6b63\u9010\u6f38\u55aa\u5931\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u500b\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e2d\u7684\u6771\u65b9\u8d85\u7d1a\u5f37\u6b0a\uff0c\u6b63\u6e96\u5099\u96a8\u6642\u53d6\u4ee3\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6771\u65b9\u5f37\u570b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5\u5091\u51fa\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u502b\u7406\u3001\u5132\u84c4\u7fd2\u6163\u3001\u81ea\u5f8b\u6027\u53ca\u6578\u5b78\u6280\u5de7\u805e\u540d\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e14\u65e9\u5df2\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a[&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":319,"featured_media":40598,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[43,133,99,21096,29449],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18956"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/319"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18956"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18956\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40598"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}