{"id":18859,"date":"2014-05-28T13:33:12","date_gmt":"2014-05-28T05:33:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/2014\/05\/28\/economics-can-do-many-things-but-it-cannot-help-the-economy\/"},"modified":"2014-05-28T13:33:12","modified_gmt":"2014-05-28T05:33:12","slug":"economics-can-do-many-things-but-it-cannot-help-the-economy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/2014\/05\/28\/economics-can-do-many-things-but-it-cannot-help-the-economy\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8b93 Google search \u6210\u529f\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/farm3.staticflickr.com\/2063\/3528237255_72d3e10f1a.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"0\" src=\"https:\/\/farm3.staticflickr.com\/2063\/3528237255_72d3e10f1a.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u9019\u9580\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u6bcf\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u985e\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u8cc7\u6e90\u7a00\u5c11\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u9032\u884c\u6709\u6548\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f34\u96a8\u6b77\u53f2\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u5728\u904b\u7528\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u6d3e\u5206\u652f\u76f8\u7576\u591a\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5404\u5bb6\u8ad6\u9ede\u6c92\u6709\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u597d\u58de\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u3001\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6a23\u8c8c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e3b\u4fee\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u6216\u662f\u71b1\u8877\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u5c0d\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6 <a href=\"\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E9%A0%93%C2%B7%E4%BD%9B%E5%88%A9%E6%B0%91\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Milton Friedman<\/a>\uff0820 \u4e16\u7d00\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u300a<a title=\" \u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u81ea\u7531\" href=\"\/\/www.books.com.tw\/exep\/assp.php\/Techorange\/products\/0010522334?utm_source=Techorange&amp;utm_medium=ap-books&amp;utm_content=recommend&amp;utm_campaign=ap-201405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u81ea\u7531<\/a>\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff09\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u8ca8\u5e63\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f71\u97ff\u73fe\u4ee3\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5728\u8ca8\u5e63\u6578\u91cf\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\u7d93\u6fdf\u653f\u7b56\u90fd\u6709\u986f\u8457\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\uff1b\u540c\u6642\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u540d\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u6f14\u8aaa\u5bb6\u3001\u8faf\u8ad6\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005 Noah Smith \u70ba Stony Brook \u5927\u5b78\u7684\u8ca1\u91d1\u7cfb\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7531\u4f5c\u8005\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u7a31\u64b0\u5beb\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"\/\/www.books.com.tw\/exep\/assp.php\/Techorange\/products\/0010522334?utm_source=Techorange&amp;utm_medium=ap-books&amp;utm_content=recommend&amp;utm_campaign=ap-201405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/farm4.staticflickr.com\/3197\/2776223159_c0ace36ff1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 Youtube \u4e0a\u641c\u5c0b <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=Milton+Friedman\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Milton Friedman<\/a>\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u641c\u5c0b\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u7d50\u5408\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8aaa\u8ac7\u8ad6\u95dc\u65bc\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u5f71\u97ff\u3001\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9593\u7684\u722d\u8faf\u3001\u7a05\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7b49\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\u722d\u8ad6\u4e0d\u4f11\u7684\u653f\u7d93\u8b70\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u5728\u56b4\u8085\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f71\u7247\uff0c\u4ee5\u300c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=0E-URmNAa5o&amp;feature=kp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Milton Friedman schools young idealist<\/a>\u300d\u70ba\u6a19\u984c\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u3001\u5b09\u76ae\u98a8\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u7ad9\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u6311\u6230\u9019\u4f4d\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5f97\u4e3b Milton Friedman \u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8eab\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u6fdf\u90e8\u843d\u5ba2\uff0c\u6211\u597d\u5947\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4f4d\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u76f8\u4fe1\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u81ea\u5c01\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u5b88\u8b77\u8005\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u5957\u53c8\u4e00\u5957\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4f86\u8b49\u5be6\u8caa\u5a6a\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff1b\u770b\u904e\u820a\u7684 Milton Friedman \u5f71\u7247\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u5728 1960 \u5e74\u4ee3\u548c 1970 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u666f\u8c61\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u9818\u57df\u78ba\u5be6\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u6975\u5927\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8eab\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u90fd\u807d\u904e\u751a\u81f3\u66fe\u8eab\u6b77\u5176\u4e2d\u904e\u3002\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u7279\u5225\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u6539\u8b8a\u662f\uff1a<strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u662f\u8cc7\u6599\u9a45\u52d5\u7684\u3001\u6975\u5c11\u50b3\u7d71\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9762\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\u6bd4\u8d77\u4ee5\u524d\u66f4\u52a0\u50cf\u662f\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800000\"><strong>\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u9032\u5c55 1\uff1a<\/strong><strong>\u5f9e\u6558\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5230\u5be6\u8b49\u6027\u7684\u8cc7\u6599<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728 2012 \u5e74\u95dc\u65bc\u672a\u4f86\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u9762\u8ac7\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b <a href=\"\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8B%9E%E5%A4%AB%E6%9E%97\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Robert Laughlin<\/a> \u75be\u547c\uff1a\u300c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u5168\u90fd\u662f\u7b28\u86cb\uff01\u4ed6\u5011\u53ea\u662f\u5230\u8655\u5750\u5750\u5275\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300e\u7406\u8ad6\u300f\u300d\u3002\u800c\u5728 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u662f\u5c0d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6 Dan Hammermesh \u6700\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5728 1963\u30011973\u30011983 \u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u767c\u8868\u5728\u5177\u6b0a\u5a01\u6027\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u520a\u4e2d\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u90fd\u662f\u7406\u8ad6\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd1\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u73fe\u4ee3\u6578\u4f4d\u5316\u5c07\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\u5982\u50be\u76c6\u5927\u96e8\u822c\u50be\u7009\u5230\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u65b0\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u96e3\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u4f46\u5728 2011 \u5e74\uff0c\u64da\u7d71\u8a08\uff1a\u7406\u8ad6\u6027\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u5df2\u7d93\u5c11\u65bc 30%\u3002\u540c\u6642\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u76f8\u7576\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u70ba\u300c\u5efa\u69cb\u5f0f\u4f30\u8a08\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u878d\u5408\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u5be6\u52d9\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7206\u70b8\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u5c0d\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5f7c\u6b64\u5229\u7528\u6578\u64da\u4f86\u300c\u8b49\u660e\u300d\u53e3\u4e2d\u6ed4\u6ed4\u4e0d\u7d55\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u6709\u7a2e\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u6578\u64da\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u6d3e\u80e1\u8a00\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u611f\u89ba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u628a\u6642\u9593\u5012\u9000\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u5230\u7d93\u6fdf\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u9084\u5f88\u96e3\u5f88\u96e3\u8490\u96c6\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u7684\u771f\u7684\u5c31\u53ea\u662f\u5750\u8457\u3001\u7ad9\u8457\u7136\u5f8c\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u4ee5\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u7dad\u60f3\u53c8\u60f3\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u7522\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u554f\u8457\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u90fd\u662f\u5f9e\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u7dad\u88e1\u8a95\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u6c92\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u6b78\u529f\u65bc\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u4e86\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u7d55\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u5404\u500b\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\u800c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u4e0d\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4f60\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u8fd1\u4f86\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u7d14\u8cfd\u5c40\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u96d6\u7136\u5176\u7bc4\u7587\u662f\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u6578\u5b78\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5728 1960 \u5e74\u4ee3\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u662f\u50cf\u7a05\u5236\u3001\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u7522\u696d\u7d44\u7e54\u6216\u662f\u91d1\u878d\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u6bd4\u8d77\u4ee5\u524d\u4f86\u8aaa\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ee5\u8cc7\u6599\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u6b0a\u5a01\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/farm8.staticflickr.com\/7345\/11942712503_30f6196d0e.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"2\" src=\"https:\/\/farm8.staticflickr.com\/7345\/11942712503_30f6196d0e.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800000\"><strong><strong>\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u9032\u5c55 2\uff1a<\/strong>\u5f9e\u81ea\u7531\u653e\u4efb\u5230\u6c11\u4e3b<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7576\u4eba\u5011\u8aaa\u5230 Econ101\uff08\u57fa\u790e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u610f\u601d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u904b\u4f5c\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u6253\u958b Eon101 \u7684\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8aaa <a href=\"\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%AF%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E9%AB%98%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC%E6%98%86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Greg Mankiw <\/a>\u7684\u300a<a href=\"\/\/www.books.com.tw\/exep\/assp.php\/Techorange\/products\/0010516763?utm_source=Techorange&amp;utm_medium=ap-books&amp;utm_content=recommend&amp;utm_campaign=ap-201405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Principles of Economics<\/a>\u300b\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u770b\u5230\u6240\u6709\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5e02\u5834\u6703\u5931\u9748\u7684\u4e3b\u56e0\uff1b\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u6703\u5c07\u6c59\u67d3\u3001\u516c\u5171\u8ca1\u6b78\u7d50\u5230\u8ca0\u9762\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u7af6\u722d\u5e02\u5834\u963b\u7919\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u81ea\u5f9e 1970 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e5f\u7814\u7a76\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e0d\u5c0d\u7a31\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u9006\u5411\u9078\u64c7\u4ee5\u53ca\u9053\u5fb7\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u9020\u6210\u5e02\u5834\u5931\u9748\uff1b\u8cfd\u5c40\u7406\u8ad6\u5df2\u7d93\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u53d7\u6b61\u8fce\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u6848\u4f8b\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u6703\u6709\u5931\u6557\u7684\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u9019\u5145\u5206\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u300c\u5929\u5e95\u4e0b\u6c92\u6709\u767d\u5403\u7684\u5348\u9910\u300d\u7684\u9053\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u884c\u70ba\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5236\u5ea6\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u5247\u8868\u793a\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u7406\u667a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u96c6\u9ad4\u505a\u51fa\u5f88\u767d\u7661\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e5f\u8a31\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u6f38\u6f38\u7684\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u8072\u671b\u800c\u8b8a\u70ba\u300c\u4fdd\u5b88\u79d1\u5b78\u300d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1b\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u51b7\u6230\u7684\u7d50\u675f\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u69cb\u4e00\u5ea7\u5821\u58d8\u4f86\u62b5\u6297\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u54ea\u7a2e\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u6703\u81ea\u5df1\u89e3\u91cb\u4e00\u5207\u30022005 \u5e74\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6 Dan Klein \u548c Charlotta \u7684\u8abf\u67e5\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u559c\u6b61\u653f\u5e9c\u5927\u7bc4\u570d\u5730\u5e72\u6d89\u7d93\u6fdf\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u5f97\u91cd\u5206\u914d\u3001\u6700\u4f4e\u85aa\u8cc7\u6cd5\u689d\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u7ba1\u5236\u3001\u53cd\u6b67\u8996\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7b49\u7b49\uff1b\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6295\u7d66\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u800c\u975e\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u662f 5\uff1a2 \u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6295\u7d66\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u652f\u6301\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u5e72\u6d89\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800000\"><strong><strong>\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8aaa\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u5982\u540c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5bb6\uff1f\u770b\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u9032\u5c55 3\uff1a<\/strong>\u5f9e\u653f\u7b56\u79d1\u5b78\u5230\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p>1989 \u5e74\uff0c\u5927\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6 <a href=\"\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%8C%83%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hal Varian<\/a> \u8868\u793a\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u662f\u4e00\u9580\u300c\u653f\u7b56\u79d1\u5b78\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u8af7\u523a\u5730\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u65bc 2002 \u5e74\uff0cVarian \u96e2\u958b\u4e86\u5b78\u8853\u754c\uff0c\u64d4\u4efb Google \u7684\u9996\u5e2d\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728 Google\uff0cVarian \u5be6\u65bd\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u7db2\u8def\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5b83\u7684\u6536\u76ca\uff0d\uff0d\u62cd\u8ce3\u7cfb\u7d71\u5f37\u5316\u7dda\u4e0a\u5ee3\u544a\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5728 Google \u4e4b\u524d\u6c92\u6709\u50cf Google \u4e00\u6a23\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u5f15\u64ce\u51fa\u73fe\u5462\uff1f\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u62cd\u8ce3\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u77e5\u9053 Google \u90fd\u96c7\u7528\u7d55\u9802\u8070\u660e\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\uff0c\u4f46\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u529f\u52de\u5176\u5be6\u5728\u65bc\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u7531\u65bc\u62cd\u8ce3\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u7e41\u69ae\u7684\u65b0\u6c23\u8c61\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u79d1\u6280\u516c\u53f8\uff08\u5305\u542b\u65b0\u5275\u516c\u53f8\uff09\u3001\u79c1\u4eba\u90e8\u9580\u958b\u59cb\u50f1\u7528\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u800c\u62cd\u8ce3\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c07\u7406\u8ad6\u4ed8\u8af8\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7406\u8ad6\u80fd\u5920\u884c\u7684\u901a\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5920\u8cfa\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9322\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u62cd\u8ce3\u7406\u8ad6\u7d55\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u4ee5\u8cfa\u9322\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u5f9e <a href=\"\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%B3%95%E7%99%BB\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dan McFadden<\/a>\u00a0\uff08\u4ea6\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\uff09\u6210\u529f\u9810\u6e2c\u642d\u4e58\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u7063\u7684\u65b0 BART\uff08\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u7063\u5340\u6377\u904b\u5c40\u7d93\u71df\u5730\u6709\u8ecc\u5927\u773e\u6377\u904b\u4ea4\u901a\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u884c\u99db\u8def\u7dda\u6db5\u84cb\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u7063\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u5340\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u5c07\u6703\u5c11\u65bc 10% \u5f8c\uff0cMcFadden \u7684<strong>\u300c\u96a8\u6a5f\u6548\u7528\u300d\u3001\u300c\u96e2\u6563\u9078\u64c7\u300d\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5730\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u7522\u696d\u4e0a<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c <a href=\"\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/zh-tw\/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%80%9D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Al Roth<\/a> \u548c <a href=\"\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8A%B3%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lloyd Shapley<\/a>\uff08\u4e5f\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u904e\uff09\u7684\u300a<a href=\"\/\/m.md.ctee.com.tw\/blogcontent.aspx?pa=C2f2BcY09mAF4DwyvWh7E9QhjtdXn%2BfIXO5DNktiijQnNsuI9NMkfA%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u7a69\u5b9a\u914d\u7f6e\u7406\u8ad6<\/a>\u300b\u5e6b\u52a9\u6539\u9769\u4e86\u5668\u5b98\u6350\u8d08\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b78\u6821\u7533\u8acb\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1b\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u300a<a href=\"\/\/wiki.mbalib.com\/zh-tw\/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E8%B5%84%E4%BA%A7%E7%BB%84%E5%90%88%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u73fe\u4ee3\u8cc7\u7522\u7d44\u5408\u7406\u8ad6<\/a>\u300b\u4e5f\u70ba\u91d1\u878d\u754c\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u81c2\u4e4b\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u91d1\u878d\u696d\u5f9e\u6602\u8cb4\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u5009\u5eab\u53d6\u8ca8\u54e1\uff0c\u9032\u5c55\u5230\u88ab\u52d5\u7684\u8cc7\u7522\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u7576\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u9810\u6e2c\u5e02\u5834\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5c31\u6703\u5f9e\u653f\u7b56\u9818\u57df\u8de8\u8db3\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #800000\"><strong>\u8aaa\u4e86\u90a3\u9ebc\u591a\u95dc\u65bc\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4e4b\u65bc\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u4e4b\u65bc\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8eab\u8655 1960 \u548c 1970 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u624d\u83ef\u6d0b\u6ea2\u53c8\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u3001\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5730\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5922\u60f3\uff1a\u6210\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u770b\u5f88\u591a Milton Friedman \u7684\u6f14\u8aaa\u3001\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u60f3\u50cf\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4ed6\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u7528\u908f\u8f2f\u601d\u7dad\u3001\u7406\u6027\u517c\u6578\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4f86\u62b5\u64cb\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u760b\u72c2\u3002\u800c\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u4e9b\u5145\u6eff\u7406\u60f3\u3001\u624d\u83ef\u6d0b\u6ea2\u53c8\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ecd\u7136\u5922\u60f3\u8457\u4e4b\u5f8c\u8981\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u540d\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u8981\u8a8d\u6e05\u5e02\u5834\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u60f3\u8981\u627e\u51fa\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u5584\u5e02\u5834\u5931\u9748\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u662f 1960\u30011970 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ea\u662f\u5c11\u6578\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u548c\u4ee5\u524d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4e00\u6a23\u6703\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u7fa4\u5145\u6eff\u7406\u60f3\u53c8\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4\u88e1\uff0c\u4f46\u6703\u904b\u7528\u653f\u7b56\u7406\u5ff5\u9084\u89e3\u6c7a\u5be6\u969b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52d9\u5be6\u4e86\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u5728\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u5b78\u8853\u4e0a\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u5728\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8b80\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u7406\u8ad6\u6b78\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u524d\u4eba\u667a\u6167\u7684\u7d2f\u7a4d\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u7dad\u3001\u7406\u60f3\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4ed8\u8af8\u5be6\u73fe\uff0c\u7528\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u601d\u7dad\u89e3\u6c7a\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9081\u5411 Pareto-Efficiency \u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u793e\u6703\u3001\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7684\u6700\u7406\u60f3\u72c0\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a<a href=\"\/\/qz.com\/208402\/economics-can-do-many-things-but-it-cannot-help-the-economy\/#\/h\/68439,2,68440,2,68441,1,2,3,68443,3,68444,1,2,5,6,68445,1,68446,1,3,68448,3,5,68449,1,2,68450,2,3,68452,1,2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">QUARTZ<\/a>\uff1b\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/m-a-r-k\/3528237255\/sizes\/m\/in\/photostream\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">markwainwright<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/wink\/2776223159\/sizes\/m\/in\/photostream\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">juicyrai<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/lendingmemo\/11942712503\/sizes\/m\/in\/photostream\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LendingMemo<\/a>, CC Licensed \uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u9019\u9580\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u6bcf\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u985e\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u8cc7\u6e90\u7a00\u5c11\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u9032\u884c\u6709\u6548\u914d\u7f6e\u3002 \u4f34\u96a8\u6b77\u53f2\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u5728\u904b\u7528\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u6d3e\u5206\u652f\u76f8\u7576\u591a\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5404\u5bb6\u8ad6\u9ede\u6c92\u6709[&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":120,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[29535,1373,133,21096,3291],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18859"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/120"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18859"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18859\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18859"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18859"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18859"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}