{"id":18694,"date":"2014-07-18T12:42:04","date_gmt":"2014-07-18T04:42:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/2014\/07\/18\/a-brief-history-of-the-russian-media\/"},"modified":"2014-07-18T12:42:04","modified_gmt":"2014-07-18T04:42:04","slug":"a-brief-history-of-the-russian-media","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/2014\/07\/18\/a-brief-history-of-the-russian-media\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u9ec3\u7cb1\u4e00\u5922\uff1a\u66fe\u7d93\u96e2\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u300d\u5982\u6b64\u8fd1\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u56e0\u666e\u4e01\u88ab\u8feb\u8d70\u56de\u982d\u8def"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/farm3.staticflickr.com\/2570\/4082469715_b1373747ff_z.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"438\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5a92\u9ad4\u53f2\u986f\u73fe\u51fa\u9019\u500b\u5a92\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7d71\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u767c\u5c55\u6240\u64cd\u63a7\u3002\u5728 1990 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#000000;\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u7684\u65b0\u5a92\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7d71\u5411\u897f\u65b9\u6a21\u7bc4\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u53d7\u5230\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u65b0\u805e\u5b78\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8207\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u300c\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u65b0\u805e\u5b78\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u5f9e\u4f86\u90fd\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u7d93\u6fdf\u8003\u91cf\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0b\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u4e00\u76f4\u626e\u6f14\u8457\u7d93\u6fdf\u7ba1\u5236\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u8b93\u65b0\u805e\u5b78\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u9700\u8003\u91cf\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u6839\u57fa\u4e0b\u7a69\u56fa\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u2026 \u76f4\u5230 1990 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\u5e74\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u6b63\u7d93\u6b77\u4e00\u9663\u5287\u70c8\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u98a8\u66b4\uff0c\u570b\u6709\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u8cc7\u91d1\u88ab\u780d\u6389\u4e86\u5927\u534a\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5a92\u9ad4\u754c\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u88c1\u54e1\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u5b78\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e00\u6574\u4ee3\u7684\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u65b0\u805e\u5b78\u8005\u90fd\u88ab\u8feb\u8f49\u884c\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u5bb6\u79c1\u6709\u5a92\u9ad4\u516c\u53f8\u56e0\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u63a8\u52d5\u800c\u7d1b\u7d1b\u5275\u7acb\uff1b\u8a31\u591a\u820a\u6709\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u88ab\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u7d44\u7e54\u3001\u4e26\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u793e\u6703\u6a5f\u69cb\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u91cd\u5927\u4e14\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\u4e0a\u537b\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u7576\u4e00\u7fa4\u65b0\u7684\u83c1\u82f1\u70ba\u4e86\u6b0a\u529b\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u4ee5\u53ca\u7d93\u6fdf\u7e41\u69ae\u800c\u4e0d\u65b7\u596e\u9b25\u6297\u722d\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u8207\u5176\u8aaa\u662f\u5be6\u8cea\u4e0a\u7684\u8b8a\u9769\uff0c\u9084\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u500b\u300c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5047\u9762\u821e\u6703\u300d\u3002\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u5047\u9762\u821e\u6703\u300d\u5f0f\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u5728\u5a92\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u4e5f\u770b\u5f97\u5230\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5df2\u7d93\u91dd\u5c0d\u5a92\u9ad4\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u4f46\u79c1\u5e95\u4e0b\uff0c\u65b0\u805e\u5bb6\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u9593\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u50b3\u7d71\u537b\u7d72\u6beb\u6c92\u6709\u6539\u8b8a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6ce2\u5a92\u9ad4\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u6d6a\u6f6e\uff1a\u5a92\u9ad4\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u300c\u591a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u300d\u653f\u6cbb\u5229\u5668<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u96a8\u8457\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5728 1990 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6ce2\u5a92\u9ad4\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u7684\u6d6a\u6f6e\u5728\u7e3d\u7d71 Yeltsin 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ORT \u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba Boris Berezovsky \u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u300c\u5f9e\u4f86\u4e0d\u66fe\u5f9e ORT \u8cfa\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u5546\u696d\u5229\u6f64\u2026 \u653f\u6cbb\u5229\u76ca\u5012\u662f\u6c38\u7121\u6b62\u5883\uff0c\u4f46\u7d93\u6fdf\u5229\u76ca\u2500\u25000\u3002\u300d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5728\u9019\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u88e1\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u83c1\u82f1\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u89d2\u529b\u53cd\u61c9\u5728\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0a\u5e38\u5e38\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u70ba\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u9ed1\u8272\u300d\u6216\u300c\u7070\u8272\u300d\u516c\u5171\u95dc\u4fc2\u7b56\u7565\u3002\uff08\u300c\u9ed1\u8272\u300d\u516c\u95dc\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u610f\u6307\u4e0d\u6cd5\u7684\u5229\u7528\u5a92\u9ad4\u64cd\u7e31\u7fa4\u773e\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u60e1\u610f\u62b9\u9ed1\u5c0d\u624b\uff1b\u300c\u7070\u8272\u300d\u516c\u95dc\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u610f\u6307\u9075\u5b88\u6cd5\u898f\uff0c\u4f46\u6cd5\u898f\u672a\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u884c\u3002\uff09\u83c1\u82f1\u5011\u4f3c\u4e4e\u610f\u8b58\u5230\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u53c3\u8207\u5728\u9019\u500b\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u529b\u9b25\u722d\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u512a\u52e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u5229\u6f64\u3002\u4f46\u5a92\u9ad4\u5c0d\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u537b\u662f\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u9078\u8209\u6d3b\u52d5\u2500\u2500\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5168\u570b\u6027\u3001\u5340\u57df\u6027\u3001\u6216\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u2500\u2500\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u5a92\u9ad4\u652f\u6301\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0b\u52dd\u51fa\u3002\u9019\u5834\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u89d2\u529b\u5728 1996 \u5e74\u7684\u7e3d\u7d71\u9078\u8209\u9054\u5230\u9ad8\u5cf0\uff0c\u6642\u4efb\u7e3d\u7d71\u7684 Yeltsin \u8207\u4fc4\u570b\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u7684 Gennady Zyuganov \u7af6\u9078\u4e0b\u4e00\u4efb\u7e3d\u7d71\u3002\u800c\u5728\u9019\u5834\u5c0d\u5cd9\u4e2d\uff0cYeltsin \u4ee5\u4e9b\u5fae\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u6253\u6557\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5c0d\u624b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Yeltsin \u7684\u52dd\u9078\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8981\u6b78\u529f\u65bc\u65b0\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5a92\u9ad4\u5011\u5927\u529b\u7684\u8b9a\u63da\u73fe\u4efb\u7e3d\u7d71\u7684\u529f\u7e3e\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u6709\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u554f\u984c\u4ee5\u53ca\u773e\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u9152\u7cbe\u6210\u766e\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e2d\u6709 NTV \u8207 Kommersant\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u7b2c\u4e00\u5bb6\u7368\u7acb\u96fb\u8996\u53f0\uff0c\u5728 1994-1996 \u5e74\u9593\u88ab\u516c\u8a8d\u662f\u6700\u70ba\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e14\u6700\u70ba\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u96fb\u8996\u7db2\u8def\uff1b\u5f8c\u8005\u662f\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5546\u696d\u65e5\u5831\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7576\u6642\uff0cNTV \u662f MediaMost \u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u6240\u5c6c\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u7531\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5927\u4ea8 Vladimir Gusinsky \u6240\u638c\u63a7\uff1b\u800c Kommersant Daily \u5247\u5c6c\u65bc\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6975\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u4e14\u64d4\u4efb Yeltsin \u9867\u554f\u7684 Boris Berezovsky \u6240\u6709\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u5a92\u9ad4\u78ba\u5be6\u5728\u5f15\u5c0e\u7fa4\u773e\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u504f\u5411 Yeltsin \u4e26\u6700\u7d42\u5c0e\u81f4\u4ed6\u7684\u6210\u529f\u4e0a\u7ad9\u4e86\u95dc\u9375\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u6ce2\u5a92\u9ad4\u6d6a\u6f6e\uff1a\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5a92\u9ad4\u6539\u70ba\u300c\u55ae\u4e00\u4e2d\u5fc3\u300d\u5236<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u6ce2\u7684\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5a92\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7d71\u6539\u9769\u5728 Vladimir Putin \u65bc 2000 \u5e74\u6b0a\u529b\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u6642\u5019\u958b\u59cb\u3002\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u7e3d\u7d71\u4ee5\u300c\u589e\u52a0\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u300d\u70ba\u53e3\u865f\uff0c\u5c07\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7d71\u5f9e\u300c\u591a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u300d\u6539\u70ba\u300c\u55ae\u4e00\u4e2d\u5fc3\u300d\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u53e3\u865f\u70ba\u4ed6\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u652f\u6301\u3002\u85c9\u7531\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u5782\u76f4\u6b0a\u529b\u300d\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0cPutin \u53bb\u9664\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u8b70\u6703\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5a92\u9ad4\u90fd\u9032\u884c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u65b0\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u5728 2000 \u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u6a5f\u95dc\u638c\u7ba1\u8d85\u904e 70% \u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u5a92\u9ad4\u901a\u8def\uff0c80% \u7684\u5730\u65b9\u65b0\u805e\uff0c20% \u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u65b0\u805e\u3002\u53ef\u60f3\u800c\u77e5\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5a92\u9ad4\u7e7c\u7e8c\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u7576\u505a\u653f\u6cbb\u64cd\u63a7\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6a5f\u6703\u88ab\u6575\u5c0d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5c0d\u624b\u8207\u4f01\u696d\u6240\u53d6\u5f97\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6703\u7559\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c0d\u7e3d\u7d71 Putin \u662f\u6b7b\u6548\u5fe0\u7684\u5c01\u9589\u653f\u6cbb\u5c0f\u5708\u5708\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u7e3d\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u88e1\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u516c\u958b\u6027\u60e1\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0a\u7684\u516c\u958b\u8faf\u8ad6\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u7528\u4eff\u5192\u54c1\u53d6\u4ee3\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u9080\u8acb\u652f\u6301\u57f7\u653f\u8005\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u4f86\u8faf\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4e0d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u722d\u8b70\u6027\u5927\u7684\u8b70\u984c\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u64e0\u51fa\u4e3b\u6d41\u5a92\u9ad4\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u6d41\u5230\u8b80\u8005\u7fa4\u8f03\u5c0f\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u6216\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u3002\u53d7\u5230\u57f7\u653f\u83c1\u82f1\u7684\u58d3\u8feb\uff0c2001 \u5e74 Boris Berezovsky \u88ab\u8feb\u51fa\u552e\u4ed6\u5728 ORT \u7684\u80a1\u4efd\u7d66\u5df2\u7d93\u5c0d Vladimir Putin \u8868\u9054\u5fe0\u8aa0\u7684\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5927\u4ea8 Roman Abramovich\u3002\u800c\u7576 2002 \u5e74\uff0c\u5168\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u6700\u5927\u7684\u570b\u6709\u4f01\u696d Gazprom \u63a5\u7ba1 MediaMost \u63a7\u80a1\u516c\u53f8\uff08\u65d7\u4e0b\u5305\u542b\u8457\u540d\u7684 NTV \u96fb\u8996\u53f0\uff09\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u8c61\u5fb5\u8457\u9019\u6279\u65b0\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u83c1\u82f1\u5df2\u7d93\u5168\u9762\u638c\u63a7\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u96c6\u5718\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5728\u9019\u6bb5\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5a92\u9ad4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6210\u70ba\u5168\u7403\u5a92\u9ad4\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u5728\u5168\u7403\u6574\u5408\u8207\u540c\u8cea\u5316\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002\u300c\u7576\u5a92\u9ad4\u6b63\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u8b93\u96fb\u8996\u983b\u9053\u4e0d\u8981\u90a3\u9ebc\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5ee3\u544a\u8207\u5a92\u9ad4\u516c\u53f8\u5f88\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u5a1b\u6a02\u5167\u5bb9\u586b\u9032\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u56e0\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u800c\u7a7a\u51fa\u7684\u5340\u584a\u3002\u300d\u5728\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u300c\u55ae\u4e00\u4e2d\u5fc3\u300d\u653f\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\uff1a\u7576\u570b\u5bb6\u4eab\u53d7\u63a7\u5236\u653f\u6cbb\u63ed\u9732\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u6642\uff0c\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e5f\u6b61\u8fce\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5ee3\u544a\u4e8b\u696d\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u6536\u5165\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u7acb\u6cd5\u8207\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u9580\u90fd\u7d93\u7531\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u88ab Putin \u63a7\u5236\u8457<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5728 Vladimir Putin \u7d71\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u653f\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7d71\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u6027\u7684\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7acb\u6cd5\u8207\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u9580\u90fd\u7d93\u7531\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u88ab\u7e3d\u7d71 Putin \u6240\u63a7\u5236\u8457\u3002\u800c\u968e\u5c64\u5236\u5ea6\u5247\u5e6b\u52a9\u7e3d\u7d71\u80fd\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u9054\u6210\u9019\u500b\u76ee\u6a19\u2500\u2500\u5c0d\u6574\u500b\u653f\u6cbb\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5efa\u7acb\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u9664\u53bb\u4efb\u4f55\u7af6\u722d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u91dd\u5c0d\u6b0a\u529b\u5236\u8861\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u91cd\u505a\u8abf\u6574\u3002\u85c9\u7531\u4ee4\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u670d\u5f9e\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u9589\u5634\uff0cVladimir Putin \u5c0d\u6574\u500b\u5546\u696d\u793e\u7fa4\u767c\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\uff1a\u96e2\u653f\u6cbb\u9060\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u638c\u63a7\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u3002\u5f9e\u90a3\u6642\u8d77\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u8a8d\u540c\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e26\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u5fe0\u8aa0\u8207\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5982\u5e38\u7684\u7d93\u71df\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u696d\u52d9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u9019\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u5df2\u7d93\u5b78\u6703\u5229\u7528\u5404\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5de5\u5177\u4f86\u5c0d\u5a92\u9ad4\u65bd\u58d3\u3001\u6050\u5687\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; \u7d66\u4e88\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u7279\u6b0a\u63a5\u8fd1\u975e\u516c\u958b\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4f86\u6e90\uff1b\u5c0d\u65bc\u7279\u5b9a\u5a92\u9ad4\u6216\u8a18\u8005\u7d66\u4e88\u7279\u6b8a\u5f85\u9047\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; \u85c9\u7531\u570b\u5bb6\u76f4\u63a5\u8cfc\u8cb7\u6216\u900f\u904e\u5c0d\u570b\u5bb6\u8f38\u8aa0\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u516c\u53f8\u638c\u63a7\u5a92\u9ad4\u901a\u8def\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; \u7981\u6b62\u67d0\u4e9b\u5a92\u9ad4\u53c3\u8207\u5b98\u65b9\u6d3b\u52d5\u6216\u8a18\u8005\u6703\uff0c\u62d2\u7d55\u63d0\u4f9b\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; \u4ee5\u8ab9\u8b17\u3001\u4fae\u8fb1\u70ba\u540d\u5c0d\u5a92\u9ad4\u6216\u8a18\u8005\u63d0\u544a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; \u8655\u7f70\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e26\u6c92\u6536\u57f7\u7167\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; \u4f7f\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u88c1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8ab2\u7a05\u3001\u6d88\u9632\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u885b\u751f\u6cd5\u898f\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u7531\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u628a\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5a92\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7d71\u8f49\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u7684\u540c\u8cea\u7522\u696d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u570b\u5bb6\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u7d93\u71df\u5168\u570b\u898f\u6a21\u3002\u7576\u5c40\u53ea\u5141\u8a31\u5e7e\u9593\u7368\u7acb\u5a92\u9ad4\u904b\u4f5c\uff08\u90fd\u662f\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u8207\u7db2\u8def\u5a92\u9ad4\uff09\uff0c\u4f86\u7d13\u7de9\u6c11\u773e\u53cd\u6297\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u666e\u4e01\u8b93\u5a92\u9ad4\u8d70\u56de\u982d\u8def\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u6642\u671f\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u7531\u65bc\u8eab\u8655\u9019\u500b\u5177\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u9650\u5236\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5a92\u9ad4\u7121\u6cd5\u62b5\u6297\u4f86\u81ea\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u56de\u5230\u904e\u53bb\u5728\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u6642\u671f\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u5b88\u820a\u3001\u5ba3\u50b3\u3002\u96a8\u8457 Vladimir Putin \u767b\u4e0a\u6b0a\u529b\u9ad8\u5cf0\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u6642\u4ee3\u61c9\u8072\u7d50\u675f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4f86\u4e0d\u53ca\u8b93\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5a92\u9ad4\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u5065\u5168\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6a5f\u69cb\u8207\u770b\u9580\u72d7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u4f46\u4eca\u65e5\u5a92\u9ad4\u8207\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u6642\u671f\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u9805\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u3002\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u9589\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e5f\u6703\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u5168\u7403\u5a92\u9ad4\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u8207\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7576\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u9078\u64c7\u6210\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5ba3\u50b3\u5de5\u5177\u4ee5\u7372\u53d6\u4f86\u81ea\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u7b49\u65bc\u662f\u653e\u68c4\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u5831\u5c0e\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u4e26\u81ea\u9858\u53c3\u8207\u5728\u9019\u500b\u8150\u6557\u7684\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u653f\u6cbb\u516c\u958b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u591a\u5143\u6027\u8207\u7af6\u722d\u6027\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u9589\u653f\u6b0a\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5c07\u958b\u653e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6e9d\u901a\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002\u800c\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u63ed\u9732\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5167\u5bb9\u5c31\u8b8a\u5f97\u65e2\u5446\u677f\u53c8\u7121\u804a\u3002<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u7531\u65bc\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u4eba\u6c11\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u89aa\u81ea\u53c3\u8207\u3001\u5f71\u97ff\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5922\u60f3\u5e7b\u6ec5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7fa4\u773e\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u53ea\u597d\u5f9e\u653f\u6cbb\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u5a1b\u6a02\u5340\u584a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c0e\u81f4\u5a1b\u6a02\u7522\u696d\u7684\u64f4\u5f35\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5c0e\u81f4\u5a1b\u6a02\u5340\u584a\u64f4\u5f35\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5168\u7403\u5a92\u9ad4\u5e02\u5834\u53d7\u5230\u5ee3\u544a\u7522\u696d\u7684\u63a8\u52d5\u800c\u66f4\u52a0\u5546\u696d\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u5ee3\u544a\u7522\u696d\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u523a\u6fc0\u6d88\u8cbb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u9762\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u7576\u5a92\u9ad4\u9010\u6f38\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u6642\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7a7a\u7f3a\u5c31\u6703\u88ab\u586b\u6eff\u5a1b\u6a02\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u6703\u4f7f\u5f97\u6574\u500b\u65b0\u805e\u7522\u696d\u5c0f\u5831\u5316\uff08tabloidization\uff0c\u610f\u6307\u65b0\u805e\u7522\u51fa\u8b8a\u70ba\u8f03\u6ce8\u610f\u904b\u52d5\u3001\u919c\u805e\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u5a1b\u6a02\u4ee5\u53ca\u540d\u4eba\u79c1\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u800c\u8f03\u4e0d\u6ce8\u610f\u653f\u6cbb\u9032\u7a0b\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u793e\u6703\u8b8a\u9077\u7b49\u56b4\u8085\u65b0\u805e\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u5927\u773e\u70ba\u76ee\u6a19\u89c0\u773e\u7fa4\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u7bc0\u76ee\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c07\u6703\u6230\u52dd\u4e00\u5207\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u00a0\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"\/\/buzzorange.com\/2014\/06\/27\/2018-world-cup-russia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u8981\u5728 2018 \u8209\u8fa6\u4e16\u8db3\u76c3\uff1f\u4e16\u8db3\u5f37\u570b\uff1a\u6211\u4e0d\u6703\u53c3\u52a0<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a<a href=\"\/\/www.interpretermag.com\/a-brief-history-of-the-russian-media\/#sdfootnote1sym\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Interpreter<\/a>\uff1b\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a<a style=\"color: #0063dc;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/archer10\/4141771191\/sizes\/z\/in\/photostream\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">archer10 (Dennis)<\/a>\uff0cCC Licensed\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5a92\u9ad4\u53f2\u986f\u73fe\u51fa\u9019\u500b\u5a92\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7d71\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u767c\u5c55\u6240\u64cd\u63a7\u3002\u5728 1990 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7d71\u5728\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u74e6\u89e3\u5f8c\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u5287\u70c8\u7684\u8b8a\u9769\u3002\u6574\u500b\u5a92\u9ad4\u7522\u696d\u9762\u5c0d\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\uff1a\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u601d\u60f3\u63a7\u5236\u7684[&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":318,"featured_media":40456,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[29517,1085,1222,169],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18694"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/318"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18694"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18694\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40456"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18694"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18694"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18694"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}