{"id":18262,"date":"2014-08-20T10:25:20","date_gmt":"2014-08-20T02:25:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/2014\/08\/20\/negative-income-tax\/"},"modified":"2014-08-20T10:25:20","modified_gmt":"2014-08-20T02:25:20","slug":"negative-income-tax","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/2014\/08\/20\/negative-income-tax\/","title":{"rendered":"\u653f\u5e9c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u6c7a\u5fc3\u8981\u6d88\u9664\u8ca7\u7aae\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5148\u767c\u7d66\u85aa\u6c34\u53ea\u6709 22K \u7684\u6bcf\u4eba\u4e00\u842c\u584a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/farm4.staticflickr.com\/3231\/2379346213_b8633b1e99_b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"471\" height=\"353\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>BO \u5c0e\u8b80\uff1a\u770b\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e4b\u524d\u8acb\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5169\u500b\u9078\u9805\u9078\u4e00\u500b\uff1a \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u7684\u85aa\u6c34\u4e0d\u5230 22k\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u56e0\u70ba\u5e74\u6536\u5165\u592a\u4f4e\u4e0d\u7528\u7e73\u7a05\u7d66\u653f\u5e9c VS \u653f\u5e9c\u6bcf\u500b\u6708\u88dc\u52a9\u4f60\u4e00\u842c\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e26\u4e14\u6bcf\u5e74\u4f9d\u898f\u5b9a\u8ab2\u4f60\u7a05\u3002\u8acb\u554f\u4f60\u9078\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u8ca7\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u9010\u6f38\u64f4\u5927\uff0c\u5bcc\u4eba\u82b1\u9322\u4e0d\u624b\u8edf\uff0c\u7aae\u4eba\u5247\u662f\u4e00\u5929\u8cb7\u500b\u6ce1\u9eb5\u5fc3\u90fd\u6703\u6dcc\u8840\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u6d88\u9664\u8ca7\u7aae\u6210\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u982d\u75db\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0cBO \u4e4b\u524d\u66fe\u63a8\u51fa<a href=\"\/\/buzzorange.com\/2014\/06\/25\/why-should-we-support-the-idea-of-an-unconditional-basic-income\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u89e3\u6c7a\u672c\u4e16\u7d00\u7d93\u6fdf\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6839\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u6bcf\u4eba\u6bcf\u6708\u767c\u4e09\u842c\u53f0\u5e63\uff1f<\/a>\u8a72\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u5f9e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u7121\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6536\u5165\u662f\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u6709\u52a9\u76ca\u3002\u800c\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e5f\u662f\u6301\u76f8\u540c\u89c0\u9ede\u4e26\u5f9e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5982\u679c\u7d66\u4e88\u4eba\u6c11\u88dc\u52a9\u91d1\u4e26\u8ab2\u7a05\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u4eba\u6c11\u904e\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>2012 \u5e74 6 \u6708\u806f\u5408\u570b\u6c38\u7e8c\u767c\u5c55\u5927\u6703\u53ec\u96c6\u5404\u570b\u5143\u9996\u6703\u8ac7\uff0c\u64ec\u8a02\u300a\u6211\u5011\u8981\u7684\u672a\u4f86 (The Future We Want)\u300b\u91cd\u7533\u5c0d\u5168\u7403\u6c38\u7e8c\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u671f\u671b\u3002\u800c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8fd1 20 \u9805\u7684\u5168\u7403\u8b70\u984c\u88e1\uff0c\u5404\u570b\u8a8d\u70ba\u7576\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6230\u662f\u300c\u6d88\u9664\u8ca7\u7aae\u300d\u3002\u6216\u8a31\u4f60\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u6d88\u9664\u8ca7\u7aae\u300d\u662f\u9059\u4e0d\u53ef\u53ca\u7684\u300c\u70cf\u6258\u90a6\u300d\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5be6\u9019\u9805\u5168\u7403\u6311\u6230\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7d66\u4e88\u4eba\u5011\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u9322\u4f86\u8de8\u8d8a\u8ca7\u7aae\u7dda\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u5ee3\u53d7\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u300c\u7121\u689d\u4ef6\u57fa\u672c\u6536\u5165\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u300c\u5ee3\u53d7\u8a0e\u8ad6\u300d\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u8457\u300c\u7121\u689d\u4ef6\u57fa\u672c\u6536\u5165\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6b63\u88ab\u8a31\u591a\u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u62a8\u64ca\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u5468\u520a (The Week) \u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\u54e5\u5e03\u6797 (Pascal-Emmanuel Gobry)\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5 70 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7f8e\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f17\u91cc\u66fc (Milton Friedman) \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05 (<strong>\u7de8\u6309\uff1a\u793e\u6703\u6551\u6fdf\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u74b0\uff1b\u8b93\u4f4d\u65bc\u8ca7\u7aae\u7dda\u4e0b\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u5f9e\u653f\u5e9c\u624b\u4e0a\u62ff\u5230\u4e00\u7b46\u88dc\u8cbc\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6536\u5165\u9054\u5230\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u7684\u8d77\u5fb5\u9ede\u70ba\u6b62\u3002<\/strong>)\u300d\u653f\u7b56\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u7121\u689d\u4ef6\u57fa\u672c\u6536\u5165\u300d\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5118\u7ba1\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u653f\u7b56\u6709\u5176\u582a\u616e\uff0c\u4f46\u7d55\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u9019\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u5be6\u9a57\u4ecd\u76f8\u4fe1\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u653f\u7b56\u5728\u53d7\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6210\u672c\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u6d88\u9664\u8ca7\u7aae\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u653f\u7b56\u8b93\u5177\u6709\u793e\u6703\u6027\u7834\u58de\u884c\u70ba ?<\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u4e0d\u5168\u7136\u540c\u65bc\u7121\u689d\u4ef6\u57fa\u672c\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4f46\u5169\u8005\u6982\u5ff5\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5341\u5206\u96f7\u540c\u3002\u4f4e\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u653f\u7b56\u6703\u7d66\u4e88\u5168\u6c11\u4e00\u7b46\u73fe\u91d1\u6d25\u8cbc\uff0c\u4f46\u653f\u5e9c\u6703\u7acb\u5373\u5fb5\u6536\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u8ca7\u7aae\u7dda\u4e0b\u7684\u570b\u6c11\u6703\u5728\u5fb5\u6536\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u5f8c\u300c\u6240\u5f97\u300d\u53cd\u800c\u8b8a\u591a\u3002\u524d\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u5c3c\u514b\u68ee\u66fe\u63a8\u884c\u904e\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u7d66\u4e88\u843d\u65bc\u8ca7\u7aae\u7dda\u5f8c\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead (\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u4eca\u5929\u7684)1 \u842c\u5143\u7f8e\u91d1\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u7d66\u4ed8\u6d25\u8cbc\u5f8c\u514b\u4e88\u7a05\u7387 50\uff05\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6b64\u5bb6\u5ead\u5e74\u6240\u5f97\u5df2\u8d8a\u904e 2 \u842c\u7f8e\u5143\u3002(\u56e0\u70ba\u7e3d\u6536\u5165\u9054 2 \u842c\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u5df2\u975e\u4f4e\u65bc\u8ca7\u7aae\u7dda\u6a19\u6e96\u3002)<\/p>\n<p>\u54e5\u5e03\u6797\u8209\u4f8b\u5728\u65b0\u6fa4\u897f\u5dde\u3001\u8cd3\u5dde\u3001\u611b\u8377\u83ef\u5dde\u3001\u5317\u5361\u7f85\u840a\u7d0d\u5dde\u3001\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u7d0d\u5dde\u4ee5\u53ca\u897f\u96c5\u5716\u3001\u4e39\u4f5b\u3001\u84cb\u745e\u7b49\u57ce\u5e02\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u56db\u9805\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u5be6\u9a57\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u6a23\u672c\u5171\u8a08\u7d04 7500 \u4eba\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u99ac\u5c3c\u6258\u5df4\u7701\u4e5f\u6709\u500b\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5617\u8a66\u5404\u7a2e\u6d25\u8cbc\u7387 (\u8ca7\u7aae\u7dda\u7684 50\uff05\u81f3 148\uff05) \u548c\u7a05\u7387 (\u5e74\u6240\u5f97 30\uff05\u81f3 75\uff05)\uff0c\u8a73\u7d30\u4ea4\u53c9\u6bd4\u5c0d\u5169\u6578\u64da\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u9019\u5e7e\u9805\u5be6\u9a57\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u53d7\u76ca\u8005\uff0c\u6703\u523b\u610f\u6e1b\u5c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u6642\u6578\u5c07\u5e74\u6240\u5f97\u964d\u81f3\u8ca7\u7aae\u7dda\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u7372\u5f97\u653f\u5e9c\u6d25\u8cbc\u3002\u5c0d\u6b64\uff0c\u54e5\u5e03\u6797\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u6578\u767e\u842c\u8a08\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u8ab0\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\u5de5\u4f5c\u9084\u62ff\u9322\uff1f\u9019\u986f\u7136\u662f\u4ff1\u6709\u793e\u6703\u7834\u58de\u6027\u7684\u61f6\u60f0\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u5be6\u884c\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\u5c07\u6703\u4f7f\u5f97\u793e\u6703\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u5448\u73fe\u4f4e\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9020\u6210\u4f4e\u5c31\u696d\u7684\u60e1\u6027\u5faa\u74b0\u3002\u300d\u4e26\u76f8\u4fe1\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u500b\u7455\u75b5\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u78ba\uff0c\u54e5\u5e03\u6797\u4f9d\u64da\u7684\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u7814\u7a76\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u73fe\u4eca\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u300c\u6700\u597d\u300d\u4e0d\u7b49\u65bc\u5b8c\u7f8e\u3002\u800c\u5be6\u9a57\u6210\u679c\u7684\u6578\u64da\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5168\u7136\u5c0e\u5411\u54e5\u5e03\u6797\u7684\u9435\u8ad6\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u4e94\u9ede\u53cd\u99c1\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">1.\u300c\u5c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u300d\u7684\u6578\u64da\u8cc7\u6599\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u300c\u7d50\u679c\u88ab\u4f4e\u4f30\u300d\u7684\u98a8\u96aa<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u570b\u5e03\u9b6f\u91d1\u65af\u5b78\u6703\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f2f\u7279\u5217\u65af (Gary Burtless) \u5c31\u6307\u51fa\u5728\u897f\u96c5\u5716\u3001\u4e39\u4f5b\u3001\u84cb\u745e\u7b49\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u9760\u7d44\u7e54\u8abf\u67e5\u4eba\u6c11\u6240\u5f97\u800c\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u6578\u64da\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7576\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u4ea4\u53c9\u53c3\u7167\u5be6\u969b\u4eba\u6c11\u6240\u5f97\u6642\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u653f\u7b56\u6839\u672c\u672a\u5f71\u97ff\u84cb\u745e\u5e02\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u5c0d\u897f\u96c5\u5716\u5e02\u3001\u4e39\u4f5b\u5e02\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4e26\u672a\u5982\u54e5\u5e03\u6797\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u666e\u6797\u65af\u9813\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u5384\u723e\u840a\u4f0a (Orley Ashenflter) \u4e5f\u767c\u8a00\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4f2f\u7279\u5217\u65af\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u5927\u5927\u524a\u5f31\u300c\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u653f\u7b56\u6e1b\u5c11\u793e\u6703\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u300d\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002\u300c\u82e5\u4e00\u9805\u5be6\u9a57\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5148\u9032\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u884c\u653f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f86\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u90a3\u4eba\u6c11\u6536\u5165\u6578\u64da\u3001\u793e\u6703\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u4f9d\u64da\u4f55\u5728\uff1f\u300d\u4ed6\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u300c\u5be6\u9a57\u5fc5\u9808\u5145\u5206\u4e86\u89e3\u63d0\u4f9b\u4eba\u6c11\u6240\u5f97\u6578\u64da\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff0c\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u6548\u679c\u624d\u80fd\u76f4\u653b\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u96e3\u904e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u9019\u4e9b\u5be6\u9a57\u90fd\u4e26\u672a\u8a8d\u77e5\u5230\u9019\u9ede\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">2.\u300c\u5c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u300d\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u300c\u6c38\u9060\u300d\u505c\u6eef<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5373\u4fbf\u6211\u5011\u6392\u9664\u4eba\u6c11\u6536\u5165\u6578\u64da\u52d8\u8aa4\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u54e5\u5e03\u6797\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u4ecd\u975e\u5730\u5426\u5b9a\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u3002\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u653f\u7b56\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u662f\u54e1\u5de5\u8fad\u8077\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u9000\u51fa\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u5e02\u5834\u3002\u7136\u800c\u57fa\u672c\u6536\u5165\u64c1\u8b77\u8005\u7f8e\u570b\u55ac\u6cbb\u57ce\u5927\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u61f7\u5fb7\u514b\u65af\u7279 (Karl Widerquist) \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\u54e1\u5de5\u6703\u4ee5\u8fad\u8077\u4f86\u7372\u5f97\u653f\u5e9c\u6d25\u8cbc\uff0c\u300c\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u653f\u7b56\u6703\u5f15\u7206\u5927\u91cf\u54e1\u5de5\u7684\u8fad\u8077\u6f6e\u55ce\uff1f\u300d\u4ed6\u900f\u9732\uff0c\u9023\u5be6\u9a57\u57f7\u884c\u8005\u90fd\u66fe\u544a\u8a34\u4ed6\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u627e\u4efb\u4f55\u54e1\u5de5\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u6d25\u8cbc\u8fad\u8077\u7684\u5be6\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f2f\u7279\u5217\u65af\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u5de5\u6642\u4e5f\u975e\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u4e3b\u56e0\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0d\u6703\u6c92\u4e8b\u5c07\u539f\u5148 60 \u5c0f\u6642\u5de5\u4f5c\u6642\u6578\u7e2e\u6e1b\u81f3 40 \u5c0f\u6642\u3002\u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u6e1b\u5c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u6642\u9593\u53ca\u6c38\u4e45\u9000\u51fa\u52de\u529b\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u5373\u70ba\u5931\u696d\u671f\u7684\u62c9\u9577\u3002\u5931\u696d\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u4eba\u6240\u6a02\u898b\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u8b93\u4eba\u5011\u9078\u64c7\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5931\u696d\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u8b8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u78ba\u5be6\u4f7f\u5f97\u8eab\u4e0d\u7531\u5df1\u7684\u5931\u696d\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0d\u518d\u4ee4\u4eba\u96e3\u5df2\u627f\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u751a\u81f3\uff0c\u5931\u696d\u671f\u62c9\u9577\u7684\u7dda\u60f3\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u4eba\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u4efd\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8077\u7f3a\u3002\u5728\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u80fd\u8ffd\u6c42\u66f4\u6109\u5feb\u3001\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u9577\u9060\u4f86\u8aaa\u4e5f\u589e\u52a0\u793e\u6703\u5c31\u696d\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7522\u80fd\u4e5f\u80fd\u76f8\u5c0d\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u6b0a\u8861\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u4e00\u7b46\u5f88\u503c\u5f97\u6295\u8cc7\u7684\u5931\u696d\u798f\u5229\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">3.\u300c\u5c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u300d\u6709\u6642\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u91cd\u56de\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u4eba\u5011\u8fad\u6389\u5de5\u4f5c\u56de\u6821\u9032\u4fee\u3002\u53f2\u4e39\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u54c8\u52aa\u8b1d\u514b (Eric Hanushek) \u8a55\u4f30\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\u5c0d\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u7adf\u767c\u73fe\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u300c\u9752\u5e74\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u4e0b\u964d\u300d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8207\u300c\u5b78\u6821\u5165\u5b78\u7387\u4e0a\u5347\u300d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5e7e\u4e4e\u543b\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u8ddf\u6559\u80b2\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8abf\u67e5\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u6790\u65b0\u6fa4\u897f\u5dde\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u5be6\u65bd\u5f8c\uff0c\u9752\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5b78\u696d\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u589e\u52a0 25-30\uff05\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u897f\u96c5\u5716\u5e02\u3001\u4e39\u4f5b\u5e02\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5247\u63d0\u9ad8 11\uff05\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5b78\u696d\u5b8c\u6210\u7387\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c07\u5b78\u696d\u5b8c\u6210\u7387\u8207\u5b78\u7fd2\u6210\u6548\u5283\u4e0a\u7b49\u865f\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u8b49\u64da\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6709\u653f\u5e9c\u88dc\u52a9\u7684\u4f4e\u5e74\u7d1a\u5b69\u7ae5\u6bd4\u8d77\u5176\u4ed6\u672a\u7372\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u88dc\u52a9\u7684\u8ca7\u7aae\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u5728\u6a19\u6e96\u8003\u8a66\u4e2d\u6709\u8f03\u597d\u7684\u6210\u7e3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">4.\u300c\u5c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u300d\u6709\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u53cd\u5012\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u597d\u4e8b<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5de5\u4f5c\u56fa\u7136\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u7576\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u5473\u5f37\u8abf\u793e\u6703\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u601d\u8003\u300c\u96e3\u9053\u5168\u6c11\u52de\u52d5\u4eba\u53e3\u9054 100\uff05\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u55ce\uff1f\u300d\u300c\u96e3\u9053\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u7684\u7e41\u69ae\u53ea\u80fd\u9760\u5de5\u4f5c\u55ce\uff1f\u300d\u54e5\u5e03\u6797\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\u5931\u696d\u4eba\u53e3\u6703\u6d88\u8017\u53ef\u89c0\u7684\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u9810\u7b97\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u5011\u9700\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e3b\u56e0\u4e5f\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u8ca1\u52d9\u58d3\u529b\u800c\u975e\u5c0b\u6c42\u5fc3\u9748\u6210\u5c31\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8a8d\u5730\uff0c\u54e5\u5e03\u6797\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u6709\u5176\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u78ba\u5be6\u6709\u4eba\u5011\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u906d\u53d7\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u5f85\u9047\u3001\u88ab\u58d3\u529b\u6d88\u78e8\u5fc3\u9748\u5f8c\u9078\u64c7\u96e2\u958b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u4eba\u5011\u6c7a\u5fc3\u8ffd\u6c42\u66f4\u6709\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7d93\u6b77\u3002\u96e3\u9053\u7d66\u4e88\u4eba\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u5916\u6709\u500b\u8212\u9069\u9000\u4f11\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u793e\u6703\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1f\u793e\u6703\u4fdd\u969c\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u9000\u4f11\u5132\u84c4\u6bd4\u8d77\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u653f\u7b56\u4f86\u5f97\u66f4\u6d88\u8017\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u9810\u7b97\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6d88\u8017\u591a\u5be1\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u91cd\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u95dc\u6ce8\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u653f\u7b56\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u4e0b\u964d\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u80cc\u5f8c\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5920\u6eff\u8db3\u4eba\u6c11\u6700\u771f\u5207\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff1f\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u5f31\u52e2\u5bb6\u5ead\u8fad\u53bb\u517c\u8077\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u7167\u6599\u9577\u671f\u60a3\u75c5\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u3001\u8b93\u5e74\u7d00\u751a\u9ad8\u7684\u7238\u7238\u63d0\u524d\u5e7e\u5e74\u9000\u4f11\u3001\u7d66\u4e88\u8f49\u63db\u8dd1\u9053\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u66f4\u591a\u9069\u6027\u6289\u64c7\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u9019\u624d\u662f\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\u8005\u61c9\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u6d88\u8017\u591a\u5c11\u793e\u6703\u6210\u672c\u5247\u662f\u5176\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">5. \u77ed\u671f\u5be6\u9a57\u80fd\u7d66\u4f60\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u5341\u5206\u6709\u9650<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u7d42\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ee5\u77ed\u671f\u3001\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4f86\u63a8\u65b7\u570b\u5bb6\u3001\u5dde\u969b\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u5411\u9817\u5177\u98a8\u96aa\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5730\u57df\u6027\u5be6\u9a57\u50c5\u91dd\u5c0d\u5c0f\u773e\u3001\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u6236\u6a23\u672c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u3002\u4f46\u96e3\u9053\u5be6\u9a57\u878d\u5165\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u80fd\u78ba\u4fdd\u672a\u4f86\u5be6\u884c\u653f\u7b56\u80fd\u842c\u7121\u4e00\u5931\u55ce\uff1f\u9577\u671f\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u653f\u7b56\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f01\u696d\u4e3b\u62ac\u9ad8\u5de5\u8cc7\u4ee5\u8aaa\u670d\u4eba\u6c11\u7559\u5728\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u5011\u96e2\u958b\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u6548\u61c9\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u300c\u53ef\u80fd\u300d\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u8def\u72c0\u6cc1\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u65ac\u91d8\u622a\u9435\u5730\u9810\u6e2c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5236\u5b9a\u95dc\u4e4e\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5927\u653f\u7b56\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u4ed4\u7d30\u5206\u6790\u521d\u671f\u8a66\u9a57\uff0c\u6b78\u7d0d\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u842c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e0d\u653e\u904e\u4efb\u4f55\u653f\u7b56\u57f7\u884c\u5f8c\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u60f3\u7576\u7136\u8033\u7684\uff0c\u6b32\u5c07\u5730\u57df\u6027\u5f37\u7684\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u7528\u4f86\u5236\u5b9a\u570b\u5bb6\u7d1a\u653f\u7b56\u6642\uff0c\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u8cea\u7591\u53ca\u9700\u8003\u91cf\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20\u52e2\u5fc5\u591a\u5230\u4e0d\u53ef\u8a2d\u60f3\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u9ad8\u5e03\u6797\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u80fd\u5920\u53c3\u8003\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f9d\u9760\u9019\u985e\u96a8\u6a5f\u5c0d\u7167\u8a66\u9a57 (RCT)\uff1b\u53ea\u53ef\u60dc\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u4ff1\u6709\u8655\u7406\u9019\u985e\u6578\u64da\u7684\u9060\u898b\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u70ba\u4e86\u6d88\u9664\u8ca7\u7aae\uff0c\u6211\u9858\u610f\u8ced\u4e00\u5834<\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7576\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5f97\u51fa\u653f\u7b56\u5f71\u97ff\u6027\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u6642\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u722d\u8faf\u5e38\u6f14\u8b8a\u6210\u5404\u4eba\u89e3\u91cb\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u805a\u7126\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u7d22\u6d1b (Robert Solow) \u5247\u4e00\u8a9e\u9053\u7834\uff0c\u300c\u5404\u4eba\u63a1\u7528\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u662f\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u8207\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u9ede\u662f\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u6211\u4ecd\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4f2f\u7279\u5217\u65af\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u8005\u5171\u540c\u8a55\u4f30\u7684\u4f4e\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u5be6\u9a57\u5f8c\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u5373\u300c\u5168\u570b\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u63a8\u52d5\uff0c\u5728\u6d88\u9664\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u9858\u666f\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u3002\u300d\u4ff1\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u516c\u4fe1\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u61f7\u5fb7\u514b\u65af\u7279\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u70ba\u4f7f\u5168\u6c11\u8d8a\u904e\u8ca7\u7aae\u7dda\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4f30\u8a08\u5168\u570b\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u5c07\u6700\u5c11\u589e\u52a0 5\uff05\u3001\u6700\u591a\u589e\u52a0\u8fd1 15\uff05\u7684\u7d93\u8cbb\u652f\u51fa\u3002\u5f97\u51fa 15\uff05\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u652f\u51fa\u7d50\u8ad6\u7684\u4f2f\u7279\u5217\u65af\u5247\u4f30\u8a08\uff0c\u9019\u7b46\u7d93\u8cbb\u6210\u672c\u50c5\u70ba\u570b\u6c11\u751f\u7522\u7e3d\u503c (\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u570b\u6c11\u751f\u7522\u7e3d\u503c\u8207\u570b\u5167\u751f\u7522\u7e3d\u503c\u7121\u7570) \u7684 1.5\uff05\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7c97\u7565\u4f30\u8a08\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u7f8e\u570b\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u7d93\u8cbb\u6b63\u8655\u65bc\u9023\u5e74\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u78ba\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u6d88\u9664\u8ca7\u56f0\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6211\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u9069\u7576\u7684\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u6216\u7121\u689d\u4ef6\u57fa\u672c\u6536\u5165\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u6d88\u9664\u8ca7\u7aae\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u78ba\u5b9a\u4eba\u6c11\u662f\u5426\u6703\u523b\u610f\u6e1b\u5c11\u52de\u52d5\u3001\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4ee5\u7372\u53d6\u653f\u5e9c\u6d25\u8cbc\uff0c\u4f46\u4f9d\u524d\u9805\u63a8\u8ad6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4fe1\u8ca0\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u653f\u7b56\u80fd\u5920\u5f4c\u88dc\u6e1b\u5c11\u7684\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u6c11\u5f97\u4ee5\u514d\u65bc\u8ca7\u7aae\u4e4b\u82e6\u3002\u6700\u7cdf\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u662f\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u300c\u8ca7\u7aae\u300d\u4e0d\u5fa9\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5c31\u696d\u72c0\u6cc1\u4f4e\u8ff7\uff1b\u6700\u597d\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u5247\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u6d88\u9664\u8ca7\u7aae\uff0c\u4e14\u672a\u9020\u6210\u5c31\u696d\u72c0\u6cc1\u60e1\u5316\u3002\u82e5\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u8ced\u535a\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u6211\u6703\u9858\u610f\u8ced\u4e00\u5834\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\uff08\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a<a href=\"\/\/www.vox.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vox<\/a>\uff1b\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/wongjunhao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jerry Wong CC Licensed<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BO \u5c0e\u8b80\uff1a\u770b\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e4b\u524d\u8acb\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5169\u500b\u9078\u9805\u9078\u4e00\u500b\uff1a \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u7684\u85aa\u6c34\u4e0d\u5230 22k\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u56e0\u70ba\u5e74\u6536\u5165\u592a\u4f4e\u4e0d\u7528\u7e73\u7a05\u7d66\u653f\u5e9c VS \u653f\u5e9c\u6bcf\u500b\u6708\u88dc\u52a9\u4f60\u4e00\u842c\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e26\u4e14\u6bcf\u5e74\u4f9d\u898f\u5b9a\u8ab2\u4f60\u7a05\u3002\u8acb\u554f\u4f60\u9078\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\uff1f \u8ca7\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u9010[&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":317,"featured_media":39965,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[1373,133,525],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18262"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/317"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18262"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18262\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/39965"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18262"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18262"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18262"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}