{"id":18205,"date":"2014-07-28T15:34:59","date_gmt":"2014-07-28T07:34:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/2014\/07\/28\/the-case-for-decriminalizing-heroin-cocaine-and-all-other-drugs\/"},"modified":"2014-07-28T15:34:59","modified_gmt":"2014-07-28T07:34:59","slug":"the-case-for-decriminalizing-heroin-cocaine-and-all-other-drugs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/2014\/07\/28\/the-case-for-decriminalizing-heroin-cocaine-and-all-other-drugs\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6d77\u6d1b\u82f1\u3001\u53e4\u67ef\u9e7c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u50cf\u83f8\u8349\u4e00\u6a23\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u63a7\u7ba1\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u6578\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/cdn3.vox-cdn.com\/uploads\/chorus_image\/image\/35505586\/129377140.0_standard_755.0.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"564\" height=\"376\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u5f9e\u4e0d\u540c\u9762\u5411\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6383\u6bd2\u6230\u722d\u6c92\u6709\u9054\u5230\u9810\u671f\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u9055\u7981\u85e5\u54c1\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u5f62\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u6c92\u6709\u986f\u8457\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u800c\u539f\u672c\u5e0c\u671b\u85c9\u7531\u63d0\u9ad8\u50f9\u683c\uff0c\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u66f4\u96e3\u4ee5\u8cfc\u5f97\u6bd2\u54c1\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u5931\u6557\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u5982\u679c\u6383\u6bd2\u6230\u722d\u5931\u6557\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u9762\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u9055\u7981\u85e5\u54c1\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u9023\u300c\u767d\u5bae\u6bd2\u54c1\u653f\u7b56\u7ba1\u5236\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4 (ONDCP)\u300d\u4e5f\u540c\u610f\u9019\u5834\u6230\u722d\u5931\u6557\u3002\u5728\u8a73\u5217\u6b50\u5df4\u99ac\u653f\u5e9c\u53cd\u6bd2\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u65b0\u805e\u7a3f\u4e2d\uff0cONDCP \u4ee3\u7406\u8ca0\u8cac\u4eba Michael Botticelli \u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u9805\u65b0\u7b56\u7565&#8230; \u6452\u68c4\u4ee5\u5f80\u601d\u7dad\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u518d\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u902e\u6355\u3001\u76e3\u7981\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6839\u9664\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6bd2\u54c1\u554f\u984c\u3002\u300d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u767d\u5bae\u7684\u65b0\u7b56\u7565\u4e0d\u5168\u7136\u7528\u76e3\u7981\u3001\u57f7\u6cd5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c0d\u6297\u6bd2\u54c1\uff0c\u4f46 Michael Botticelli \u7684\u9673\u8ff0\u627f\u8a8d\u4e86\u904e\u53bb 40 \u5e74\u7684\u6383\u6bd2\u6230\u722d\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u9054\u5230\u9810\u671f\u6210\u679c\u3002\u6709\u9451\u65bc\u6383\u6bd2\u6230\u722d\u5931\u6557\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u9ebb\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u7684\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u6bd2\u54c1\u653f\u7b56\u5c08\u5bb6\u6b63\u5728\u601d\u7d22\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6383\u6bd2\u6230\u722d\u7121\u6548\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u8655\u7406\u50cf\u6d77\u6d1b\u82f1\u4ee5\u53ca\u53e4\u67ef\u9e7c\u9019\u985e\u9055\u7981\u85e5\u54c1\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff1f\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u4e0d\u8a72\u5c07\u9055\u7981\u85e5\u54c1\u8996\u70ba\u975e\u6cd5\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u6211\u5411\u4e09\u4f4d\u6bd2\u54c1\u653f\u7b56\u5c08\u5bb6\u8acb\u76ca\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u540c\u610f\u6bd2\u54c1\u5165\u7f6a\u5316\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u660e\u986f\u5931\u6557\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u6bd2\u54c1\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u8a72\u4f55\u53bb\u4f55\u5f9e\uff0c\u4ecd\u662f\u500b\u9700\u8981\u8faf\u8ad6\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u5404\u65b9\u90fd\u540c\u610f\u6383\u6bd2\u6230\u722d\u5931\u6557<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5b78\u8853\u80cc\u666f\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u6bd2\u54c1\u653f\u7b56\u5c08\u5bb6\u7684\u5171\u8b58\u662f\u6bd2\u54c1\u5165\u7f6a\u5316\u6c92\u6709\u7528\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5c08\u5bb6\u5305\u62ec\u4f86\u81ea\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u6d1b\u6749\u78ef\u5206\u6821\u7684\u6bd2\u54c1\u653f\u7b56\u5c08\u5bb6 Mark Kleiman\u3001\u4f86\u81ea\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u548c\u5361\u6258\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6 Jeffery Miron\u3001\u4f86\u81ea\u8f9b\u8f9b\u90a3\u63d0\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u6bd2\u54c1\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Isaac Campos\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u6383\u6bd2\u6230\u722d\u805a\u7126\u5728\u8ffd\u67e5\u6bd2\u54c1\u751f\u7522\u8005\u548c\u6bd2\u8ca9\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u62ff\u5230\u6bd2\u54c1\u524d\u5c31\u80fd\u963b\u65b7\u4f9b\u61c9\u6e90\u3002\u9019\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u6e1b\u5c11\u4f9b\u61c9\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9020\u6210\u6bd2\u54c1\u50f9\u683c\u4e0a\u6f32\uff0c\u8b93\u6bd2\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8ca0\u64d4\u4e0d\u8d77\u3001\u6216\u8b93\u6bd2\u54c1\u4e0d\u518d\u5782\u624b\u53ef\u5f97\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u8981\u6aa2\u8996\u9019\u500b\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u6bd2\u54c1\u50f9\u683c\u662f\u5426\u7684\u78ba\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u9593\u4e0a\u6f32\u3002\u4f9d\u7167\u767d\u5bae ONDCP \u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5831\u544a\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u548c\u9810\u671f\u6709\u843d\u5dee\u3002\u53e4\u67ef\u9e7c\u3001\u7d14\u53e4\u67ef\u9e7c\u3001\u6d77\u6d1b\u82f1\u7684\u50f9\u683c\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u5148\u7d93\u6b77\u6025\u907d\u4e0b\u8dcc\uff0c\u518d\u7dad\u6301\u5e73\u7a69\uff1b\u800c\u7532\u57fa\u5b89\u975e\u4ed6\u547d (meth) \u7684\u50f9\u683c\u81ea 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u592a\u5927\u8b8a\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 557px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/cdn3.vox-cdn.com\/assets\/4739946\/median_bulk_price_of_heroin_per_pure_gram.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"547\" height=\"337\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\uff1a\u7d14\u6d77\u6d1b\u82f1\u6bcf\u516c\u514b\u6279\u767c\u50f9\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6578\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8861\u91cf\u6bd2\u54c1\u6230\u722d\u6210\u529f\u8207\u5426\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u5c31\u662f\u78ba\u5207\u7684\u6bd2\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc 2002 \u5e74\u7684\u6578\u5b57\uff0c 2012 \u5e74\u5927\u9ebb\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u9055\u7981\u85e5\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u7a0d\u5fae\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4f46\u300c\u7f8e\u570b\u5168\u570b\u85e5\u7269\u53ca\u5065\u5eb7\u8abf\u67e5\u300d\u4ecd\u7136\u986f\u793a\u4f7f\u7528\u6d77\u6d1b\u56e0\u7684\u4eba\u6578\u5728\u53bb\u5e74\u6216\u4e0a\u500b\u6708\u6709\u5411\u4e0a\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 482px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/cdn3.vox-cdn.com\/assets\/4752970\/past-year_illicit_drug_use.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"472\" height=\"420\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\uff1a\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u4e00\u5e74\u9055\u7981\u85e5\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u6578\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002\u5716\u793a\u5f9e\u5de6\u81f3\u53f3\u5206\u5225\u662f\u975e\u5927\u9ebb\u985e\u9055\u7981\u85e5\u54c1\u3001\u3001\u53e4\u67ef\u9e7c\u3001\u6d77\u6d1b\u82f1\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Campos \u5728\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5206\u6790\u6b77\u53f2\u6578\u5b57\u5f8c\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u85e5\u54c1\u6feb\u7528\u548c\u85e5\u7269\u7ba1\u5236\u653f\u7b56\u6c92\u6709\u986f\u8457\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u3002\u6587\u5316\u8f49\u79fb\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u7d50\u69cb\u6539\u8b8a\u53cd\u5012\u624d\u662f\u9020\u6210\u6578\u64da\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6ce2\u52d5\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u300c\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u8cea\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\u6bd2\u54c1\u5165\u7f6a\u5316\u9020\u6210\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u5927\u5e45\u6e1b\u5c11\u3002\u300d\u56e0\u70ba\u8a66\u5716\u62ac\u9ad8\u6bd2\u54c1\u552e\u50f9\u6216\u6e1b\u5c11\u6bd2\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u7684\u96d9\u96d9\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u6bd2\u54c1\u653f\u7b56\u5c08\u5bb6\u5927\u81f4\u540c\u610f\u6383\u6bd2\u6230\u722d\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6bd2\u54c1\u5165\u7f6a\u5316\u9019\u9805\u63aa\u65bd\u662f\u7121\u6548\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u9019\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5c08\u5bb6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u6bd2\u54c1\u5165\u7f6a\u5316\u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\u592a\u9ad8\u800c\u4e14\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u8cea\u6548\u76ca\u3002\u5148\u524d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u9020\u6210\u5927\u91cf\u76e3\u7981\u3001\u9055\u7981\u85e5\u54c1\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u7531\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\u96c6\u5718\u628a\u6301\u3001\u4e14\u50c5\u5c0d\u5c11\u6578\u4eba\u9020\u6210\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u6216\u8a31\u6bd2\u54c1\u9664\u7f6a\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u53f8\u6cd5\u72af\u7f6a\u9ad4\u5236\u5916\u8ffd\u8e64\u85e5\u7269\u6feb\u7528\u6703\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u6bd2\u54c1\u5165\u7f6a\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e1b\u5c11\u6bd2\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Kleiman \u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u8a2a\u8ac7\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u5c08\u5bb6\u4e2d\u614b\u5ea6\u6700\u70ba\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u9023\u4ed6\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u6bd2\u54c1\u9664\u7f6a\u5316\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u7d93\u53cd\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u770b\u904e\u8b49\u64da\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5df2\u7d93\u505a\u597d\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6e96\u5099\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u300c\u6211\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u8cea\u8b49\u64da\u8b49\u660e\u6bd2\u54c1\u5165\u7f6a\u5316\u80fd\u5920\u5927\u5e45\u6e1b\u5c11\u6bd2\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u300d\u91dd\u5c0d\u9664\u7f6a\u5316\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5c08\u5bb6\u5011\u610f\u898b\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u6bd2\u54c1\u653f\u7b56\u5c08\u5bb6\u5728\u9664\u7f6a\u5316\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u4e0a\u770b\u6cd5\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u91dd\u5c0d\u5982\u4f55\u5be6\u65bd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u898b\u3002Kleiman \u652f\u6301\u6301\u6709\u6bd2\u54c1\u61c9\u8a72\u9664\u7f6a\uff0c\u4f46\u8ca9\u552e\u6bd2\u54c1\u4ecd\u61c9\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u4f7f\u7528\u6bd2\u54c1\u5f8c\u6703\u60f9\u9ebb\u7169\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a72\u53d7\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Kleiman \u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4eba\u540c\u6642\u662f\u6d77\u6d1b\u56e0\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u3001\u53c8\u662f\u95d6\u7a7a\u9580\u7684\u76dc\u8cca\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u505c\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u6d77\u6d1b\u82f1\u624d\u80fd\u505c\u6b62\u4ed6\u7684\u7aca\u76dc\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u8981\u6c42\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u52d2\u6212\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u7406\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u4e5f\u53ef\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u8981\u6c42\u9152\u99d5\u8005\u6212\u9152\u3002\u300d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Kleiman \u6307\u51fa\u300c\u5168\u5e74\u7121\u4f11\u6e05\u9192\u8a08\u756b\u300d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8b49\u660e\u9019\u9ebc\u505a\u6703\u6210\u529f\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8a08\u756b\u8981\u6c42\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u56e0\u9152\u99d5\u800c\u52a0\u5165\u8a08\u756b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u5929\u5169\u6b21\u7684\u9152\u7cbe\u6e2c\u8a66\u3002\u7121\u6cd5\u901a\u904e\u6e2c\u8a66\u7684\u4eba\u6703\u88ab\u95dc\u9032\u76e3\u7344\u5e7e\u5929\u3002\u5728\u5357\u9054\u79d1\u9054\u5dde\u65bd\u884c\u300c\u5168\u5e74\u7121\u4f11\u6e05\u9192\u8a08\u756b\u300d\u5f8c\uff0c 2006 \u5e74\u81f3 2007 \u5e74\u9593\u8207\u9152\u7cbe\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u4e0b\u964d 33 %\uff0c\u662f\u5168\u7f8e\u4e0b\u964d\u5e45\u5ea6\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5730\u5340\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u8ca9\u552e\u6216\u6563\u4f48\u6bd2\u54c1\u4e0d\u61c9\u9664\u7f6a\u5316<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Kleiman \u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a\u4e2d\u5206\u6790\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u7684\u9055\u7981\u85e5\u54c1\u6212\u9664\u8a08\u756b\u3002\u8a08\u756b\u65bd\u884c\u5f8c\uff0c\u5728\u85e5\u7269\u6aa2\u6e2c\u6642\u5448\u73fe\u967d\u6027\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u53c3\u52a0\u8005\u5927\u5e45\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5f8c\u7e8c\u8ffd\u8e64\u7684 3 \u500b\u6708\u3001 6 \u500b\u6708\u3001 12 \u500b\u6708\u9593\u88ab\u902e\u6355\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u4e5f\u986f\u8457\u4e0b\u6ed1\u3002Kleiman \u4e26\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u8ca9\u552e\u6216\u6563\u4f48\u6bd2\u54c1\u7684\u9664\u7f6a\u5316\u3002\u4f46\u53e6\u5916\u5169\u4f4d\u5c08\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u9ebc\u505a\u53ea\u6703\u8b93\u9055\u7981\u85e5\u54c1\u5e02\u5834\u7e7c\u7e8c\u88ab\u72af\u7f6a\u96c6\u5718\u638c\u63e1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u5408\u6cd5\u7ba1\u9053\u8ca9\u552e\u6216\u6563\u4f48\u6bd2\u54c1\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u7d44\u7e54\u4fbf\u4f9d\u7136\u80fd\u85c9\u6bd2\u54c1\u8cfa\u53d6\u66b4\u5229\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u6b64\u652f\u6301\u66b4\u529b\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Campos \u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4e00\u65e6\u6bd2\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528\u9664\u7f6a\u5316\u5f8c\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u5fc5\u64d4\u5fc3\u88ab\u902e\u6355\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u9020\u6210\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u9ed1\u5e02\u6703\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u70ba\u7316\u7357\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u60c5\u6cc1\u662f\u5426\u6703\u6f14\u8b8a\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u300d<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u4e0d\u540c\u6bd2\u54c1\u61c9\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d6\u5f97\u7ba1\u9053<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u300c\u4f7f\u7528\u6d77\u6d1b\u82f1\u6700\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u4e8b\u4fbf\u662f\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u81ea\u5df1\u7528\u7684\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u3002\u300d\u4f46\u662f Campos \u53cd\u5c0d\u5c07\u6240\u6709\u6bd2\u54c1\u9664\u7f6a\u5316\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u8b93\u4eba\u5011\u4f9d\u7167\u4e0d\u540c\u6bd2\u54c1\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u53d6\u5f97\u7ba1\u9053\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u85e5\u5c40\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f4e\u5291\u91cf\u7684\u53e4\u67ef\u9e7c\uff0c\u800c\u6d77\u6d1b\u82f1\u9019\u985e\u66f4\u6613\u4e0a\u766e\u3001\u66f4\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u6bd2\u54c1\uff0c\u5247\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u6709\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u745e\u58eb\u65bd\u884c\u7684\u300c\u7dad\u6301\u5291\u91cf\u8a08\u756b\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u6548\u6e1b\u5c11\u6d77\u6d1b\u82f1\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u300c\u4f7f\u7528\u6d77\u6d1b\u82f1\u6700\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u4e8b\u4fbf\u662f\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u81ea\u5df1\u7528\u7684\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7d14\u5ea6\u6709\u591a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5c31\u904e\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6d77\u6d1b\u56e0\u61c9\u8a72\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u53d7\u5230\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u300d<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u6bd2\u54c1\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u6bd2\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Miron \u8a8d\u70ba\u8209\u51e1\u6301\u6709\u6bd2\u54c1\u5230\u8ca9\u552e\u6bd2\u54c1\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u9019\u6703\u8b93\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u6301\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u85e5\u54c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u8b93\u4ee5\u71df\u5229\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u52a0\u5165\u92b7\u552e\u884c\u5217\u3002\u4ed6\u89ba\u5f97\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u6703\u6839\u9664\u9ed1\u5e02\u6216\u8005\u986f\u8457\u7e2e\u6e1b\u5176\u898f\u6a21\uff0c\u800c\u76ee\u524d\u9ed1\u5e02\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u5176\u66b4\u529b\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u91d1\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Kleiman \u8b66\u544a\u8207\u6bd2\u54c1\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6d3b\u52d5\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u6bd2\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u5c46\u6642\u5c07\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u60f9\u662f\u751f\u975e\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4ee5\u71df\u5229\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u85e5\u54c1\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u50cf\u9152\u5546\u548c\u83f8\u8349\u5546\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u90fd\u5e0c\u671b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8d8a\u4f9d\u8cf4\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7522\u54c1\u8d8a\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u91cd\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6703\u8cb7\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6bd2\u54c1\u3001\u9152\u3001\u83f8\u8349\u3002\u4ee5\u79d1\u7f85\u62c9\u591a\u5dde\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5927\u9ebb\u5e02\u5834\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u4f54\u524d 30 % \u7684\u91cd\u5ea6\u5927\u9ebb\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u9700\u6c42\u91cf\u4f54\u4e86\u6574\u500b\u5e02\u5834\u7684 90 %\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Kleiman \u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u7a2e\u7522\u696d\u7684\u71df\u904b\u76ee\u6a19\u6070\u6070\u7274\u89f8\u5927\u773e\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u300dMiron \u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u8ca9\u552e\u6216\u6563\u4f48\u6bd2\u54c1\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u5bb9\u6613\u4e0a\u766e\u7684\u70c8\u6027\u6bd2\u54c1\u5f88\u96e3\u50cf\u9152\u7cbe\u6216\u83f8\u8349\u4e00\u6a23\u8ab2\u7a05\u6216\u7ba1\u63a7\u3002\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u300c\u4f60\u7d55\u5c0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u9019\u4e9b\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a02\u5b9a\u5546\u696d\u5316\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u662f\u8981\u5206\u958b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u300d<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u9664\u7f6a\u5316\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5be6\u8b49<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u5c31\u7b97\u770b\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u5c08\u5bb6\u5011\u7684\u610f\u898b\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u6c92\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\u85e5\u54c1\u6feb\u7528\u9664\u7f6a\u5316\u5f8c\u6703\u767c\u751f\u751a\u9ebc\u6539\u8b8a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u5728\u5927\u9ebb\u9664\u7f6a\u5316\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c08\u5bb6\u9810\u671f\u6700\u7cdf\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u662f\u77ed\u66ab\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u8da8\u65bc\u5e73\u7de9\u3002\u8461\u8404\u7259\u5728 2001 \u5e74\u6bd2\u54c1\u9664\u7f6a\u5316\u5f8c\uff0c\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u6bd2\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4f46\u5e74\u9f61\u4ecb\u65bc 20 \u6b72\u5230 24 \u6b72\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u4eba\u6bd2\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u5247\u662f\u4e0a\u5347\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u9019\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u5168\u9762\u6bd2\u54c1\u9664\u7f6a\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u4e2d\u727d\u6d89\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u5f9e\u5168\u9762\u5165\u7f6a\u5316\u5230\u5168\u9762\u9664\u7f6a\u5316\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9019\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u7522\u751f\u751a\u9ebc\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u6700\u597d\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u6216\u8a31\u4f86\u81ea\u6b77\u53f2\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u7d50\u675f\u7981\u9152\u5f8c\uff0cMiron \u767c\u73fe\u8207\u9152\u7cbe\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u809d\u786c\u5316\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u4e0a\u5347\u4e86 10 % \u81f3 20 %\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u627f\u8a8d\uff1a\u300c\u98f2\u9152\u91cf\u6709\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u300d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Campos \u5247\u8ffd\u6eaf\u9060\u81f3 19 \u4e16\u7d00\u665a\u671f\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3002\u5728\u7981\u6b62\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u50cf\u53e4\u67ef\u9e7c\u9019\u985e\u70c8\u6027\u6bd2\u54c1\u5728\u7576\u6642\u9084\u7b97\u65b0\u5947\uff0c\u800c\u7f8e\u570b\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u6bd2\u54c1\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u7ba1\u5236\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u5373\u4f7f\u6c92\u6709\u8655\u65b9\u7b8b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u85e5\u623f\u8cfc\u8cb7\uff0c\u5ee3\u544a\u5546\u5c0d\u5916\u8072\u7a31\u7684\u7372\u5229\u4e5f\u548c\u5be6\u969b\u60c5\u6cc1\u6709\u51fa\u5165\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u66fe\u7d93\u6b77\u904e\u85e5\u54c1\u6feb\u7528\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u98a8\u66b4\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7ba1\u63a7\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c\u5982\u4eca\u4eba\u5011\u5927\u529b\u63d0\u5021\u5168\u9762\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u6feb\u7528\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u4e0d\u6703\u9ad8\u65bc\u904e\u53bb\u592a\u591a\u3002\u300d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u4f46 Campos \u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u8b66\u544a\uff1a\u300c[ \u5728\u9664\u7f6a\u5316\u5f8c ] \u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u7279\u5b9a\u6bd2\u54c1\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u5927\u6982\u6703\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5c07\u67d0\u4e8b\u5217\u70ba\u975e\u6cd5\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u6709\u4eba\u6703\u53bb\u505a\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u6703\u5426\u8a8d\u300c\u975e\u6cd5\u300d\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u904f\u963b\u6548\u679c\u7684\u3002\u300d\u4e5f\u6709\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\u5408\u6cd5\u5e02\u5834\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u6bd2\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u9152\u7cbe\u548c\u83f8\u8349\u6709\u5176\u554f\u984c\u4e5f\u6709\u5408\u6cd5\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2d\u5b78\u751f\u5438\u83f8\u6216\u98f2\u9152\u7684\u983b\u7387\u662f\u6e1b\u5c11\u7684\u3002\u63d0\u5021\u5927\u9ebb\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u56e0\u6b64\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5408\u6cd5\u3001\u6709\u7ba1\u63a7\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u80fd\u5920\u964d\u4f4e\u6700\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u8b77\u65cf\u7fa4\u5728\u6bd2\u54c1\u4e0a\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/cdn3.vox-cdn.com\/assets\/4610753\/alcohol_and_cigarette_use.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"374\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\uff1a\u904e\u53bb 30 \u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u4e2d\u5b78\u751f\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u6cd5\u85e5\u54c1\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Campos \u6307\u51fa\u53cd\u83f8\u8349\u6d3b\u52d5\u53ef\u4f5c\u70ba\u793a\u7bc4\uff0c\u8b93\u4eba\u5011\u5b78\u7fd2\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5408\u6cd5\u6a5f\u5236\u4e0b\u9650\u7e2e\u70c8\u6027\u6bd2\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52d9\u5ba3\u5c0e\uff0c\u8b93\u5927\u773e\u77e5\u9053\u4f7f\u7528\u6bd2\u54c1\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u4ee5\u53ca\u61c9\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u5b89\u5168\u4f7f\u7528\u6bd2\u54c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u4e0d\u904e Campos \u4e5f\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u53e4\u67ef\u9e7c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u70c8\u6027\u6bd2\u54c1\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u5ba3\u5c0e\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u6703\u7522\u751f\u53cd\u83f8\u8349\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e4b\u65bc\u5438\u83f8\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u83f8\u8349\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u81f4\u6b7b\u6027\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u85e5\u54c1\u90fd\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5728\u8b66\u544a\u5927\u773e\u63d0\u9ad8\u8b66\u89ba\u4e4b\u9918\uff0c\u4e0d\u843d\u5165\u5371\u8a00\u8073\u807d\u6216\u8aa4\u5c0e\u6c11\u773e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/cdn3.vox-cdn.com\/assets\/4477487\/drugdeaths.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"610\" height=\"358\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\uff1a\u81f4\u6b7b\u6027\u6bd4\u5927\u9ebb\u9084\u9ad8\u7684\u85e5\u54c1 ( 2010 )\u3002\u83f8\u8349\u81f4\u6b7b\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a 480,000\uff1b\u9152\u7cbe\u81f4\u6b7b\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a 25,692\uff1b\u8655\u65b9\u7b8b\u6b62\u75db\u85e5\u4f7f\u7528\u904e\u91cf\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a 16,651\uff1b\u975e\u8655\u65b9\u7b8b\u7684\u85e5\u7269\u4f7f\u7528\u904e\u91cf\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a 16,195\uff1b\u5927\u9ebb\u81f4\u6b7b\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a 0<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\uff08\u8cc7\u6599\u8207\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a<a href=\"\/\/www.vox.com\/2014\/7\/14\/5889293\/war-on-drugs-case-against-decriminalization-cocaine-heroin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vox<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; \u5f9e\u4e0d\u540c\u9762\u5411\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6383\u6bd2\u6230\u722d\u6c92\u6709\u9054\u5230\u9810\u671f\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u9055\u7981\u85e5\u54c1\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u5f62\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u6c92\u6709\u986f\u8457\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u800c\u539f\u672c\u5e0c\u671b\u85c9\u7531\u63d0\u9ad8\u50f9\u683c\uff0c\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u66f4\u96e3\u4ee5\u8cfc\u5f97\u6bd2\u54c1\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u5931\u6557\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6383\u6bd2\u6230\u722d\u5931\u6557\u4e86\uff0c\u6211[&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":315,"featured_media":40086,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[29198,1373,133,5394,26904],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18205"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/315"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18205"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18205\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40086"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18205"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18205"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18205"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}