{"id":17782,"date":"2014-09-23T11:36:51","date_gmt":"2014-09-23T03:36:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/2014\/09\/23\/a-phd-is-not-enough-a-guide-to-survival-in-science\/"},"modified":"2014-09-23T11:36:51","modified_gmt":"2014-09-23T03:36:51","slug":"a-phd-is-not-enough-a-guide-to-survival-in-science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/2014\/09\/23\/a-phd-is-not-enough-a-guide-to-survival-in-science\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u8f15\u7f85\u5c0f\u6247\u6293\u66f8\u87f2\u3011\u5225\u8b93\u7562\u696d\u8b8a\u5931\u696d \u2500\u2500 \u90a3\u4e9b\u5b78\u6821\u6c92\u6559\u7684\u80fd\u529b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"\/\/buzzorange.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/3619789272_1187da9b81_b1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12726 size-kopa-image-size-2\" src=\"\/\/buzzorange.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/3619789272_1187da9b81_b1-795x413.jpg\" alt=\"3619789272_1187da9b81_b\" width=\"700\" height=\"363\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u300aBO\u300b\u5c0e\u8b80\uff1a\u82b1\u4e86\u597d\u4e9b\u5e74\u7d42\u65bc\u62ff\u5230\u4e86\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u5927\u5b78\u7562\u696d\u751f\u65b0\u5165\u793e\u6703\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u8077\u5834\u751f\u5b58\u6cd5\u5247\uff1b\u6709\u4e86\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u9084\u4e0d\u5920\uff0c\u4f60\u66f4\u9700\u5177\u5099\u7684\u662f\u5b78\u754c\u548c\u696d\u754c\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u529b\uff01<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u8981\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u7acb\u8db3\uff0c\u56fa\u7136\u5f97\u5177\u5099\u8070\u660e\u624d\u667a\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u5426\u7406\u89e3\u4e26\u7406\u6027\u9762\u5c0d\u79d1\u7814\u751f\u6daf\u4e5f\u540c\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4f60\u4e00\u65e6\u8e0f\u51fa\u6821\u9580\uff0c\u6642\u9593\u99ac\u4e0a\u4fbf\u50ac\u903c\u8457\u4f60\u3002\u9187\u9152\u4f73\u91c0\u662f\u6108\u9673\u6108\u9999\uff0c\u4f46\u6642\u9593\u537b\u4e0d\u5bb9\u4f60\u63ee\u970d\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u9808\u76e1\u65e9\u6210\u719f\u7368\u7acb\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u4f60\u5e74\u7d00\u8f15\u8f15\uff0c\u537b\u8981\u6311\u9078\u5408\u9069\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u984c\u6750\u8207\u53ca\u6642\u5b8c\u6210\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u80fd\u5920\u767c\u8868\u6263\u4eba\u5fc3\u5f26\u7684\u6f14\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u63d0\u51fa\u7cbe\u91c7\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u8981\u80fd\u52d9\u5be6\u8a55\u4f30\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u4f60\u82e5\u5c0d\u672a\u4f86\u62b1\u6301\u4e0d\u5207\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u90a3\u53ef\u5c31\u5927\u932f\u7279\u932f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f8c\u679c\u4e0d\u582a\u8a2d\u60f3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9084\u6c92\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u7ad9\u7a69\u8173\u6b65\uff0c\u4fbf\u6158\u906d\u4e09\u632f\u51fa\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6545\u4e8b\u662f\u6211\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u83dc\u9ce5\u7d93\u9a57\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u8981\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1a\u539a\u690d\u6280\u8853\u9084\u662f\u767c\u6398\u554f\u984c\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5b78\u6821\u7684\u8ab2\u5802\u7df4\u7fd2\u8207\u666e\u901a\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u8a08\u756b\u5927\u90fd\u8457\u773c\u65bc\u57f9\u990a\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u6280\u8853\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u756b\u80fd\u5426\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u7aef\u8cf4\u65bc\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u5100\u5668\u6216\u64b0\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4f7f\u5176\u9806\u66a2\u904b\u4f5c\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u300c\u842c\u822c\u6280\u80fd\u4e5f\u6bd4\u4e0d\u4e0a\u767c\u6398\u6709\u8da3\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u756b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u300d<\/strong><\/span>\u3002\u53ea\u53ef\u60dc\uff0c\u5b78\u6821\u5f9e\u672a\u6559\u5c0e\u5b78\u751f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6211\u5728\u7814\u4e00\u627e\u5230\u6307\u5c0e\u6559\u6388\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u99ac\u4e0a\u5c31\u88ab\u6307\u793a\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u9ad8\u5c64\u5927\u6c23\u7684\u7269\u7406\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u6211\u7576\u6642\u61f5\u61f5\u61c2\u61c2\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u70ba\u4f55\u8981\u9032\u884c\u9019\u7a2e\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f9d\u820a\u9806\u5229\u4f7f\u7528\u7576\u6642\u7684\u8d85\u7d1a\u96fb\u8166\u53bb\u9032\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u6b72\u6642\u767c\u8868\u6211\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u671f\u520a\u8ad6\u6587\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u523b\u610f\u6311\u9078\u53e6\u4e00\u9805\u8a08\u756b\u4f86\u7576\u4f5c\u535a\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u6253\u7b97\u5f9e\u4e2d\u5b78\u7fd2\u73fe\u4ee3\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u9084\u662f\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u9019\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u756b\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u6700\u9802\u5c16\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e00\u76f4\u57cb\u982d\u82e6\u5e79\u53bb\u57f9\u990a\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6280\u8853\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6211\u9010\u6f38\u7fd2\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u6599\u537b\u56b4\u91cd\u5371\u53ca\u6211\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u751f\u6daf\u3002\u6211\u982d\u4e03\u7bc7\u671f\u520a\u8ad6\u6587\u5206\u5225\u5c6c\u65bc\u4e03\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u6bcf\u56de\u9032\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u4ef0\u8cf4\u67d0\u4f4d\u8cc7\u6df1\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u8a72\u947d\u7814\u54ea\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u624d\u53bb\u8457\u624b\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6211\u8aa4\u4ee5\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u4fdd\u4f4f\u98ef\u7897\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u80fd\u4e00\u76f4\u9806\u5229\u5b8c\u6210\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u8b93\u8001\u95c6\u5c0d\u6211\u522e\u76ee\u76f8\u770b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u7cbe\u901a\u67d0\u500b\u79d1\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u535a\u58eb\u7562\u696d\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u82b1\u4e86\u56db\u5e74\u5f9e\u4e8b\u5169\u500b\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f9d\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u627e\u5230\u751f\u6daf\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7576\u500b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u8a72\u7814\u7a76\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002\u6642\u9593\u98db\u901d\uff0c\u4e00\u8f49\u773c\uff0c\u6211\u7adf\u7136\u5f97\u958b\u59cb\u8b00\u8077\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u7576\u6642\u89ba\u5f97\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u8acb\u8058\u6211\u505a\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u6388\u9f0e\u529b\u63a8\u85a6\u6211\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u8981\u6211\u5728\u6bcf\u9031\u8209\u8fa6\u7684\u56fa\u614b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u4e0a\u6f14\u8b1b\u3002\u6211\u96b1\u7d04\u89ba\u5f97\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u5c07\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6211\u80fd\u4e00\u98db\u885d\u5929\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u589c\u843d\u8c37\u5e95\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u90a3\u6642\u767c\u8868\u904e\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u5168\u7136\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6211\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u614b\u5ea6\uff1a\u4ecb\u7d39\u80cc\u666f\u6642\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u873b\u8713\u9ede\u6c34\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5927\u90fd\u8b1b\u89e3\u751f\u786c\u7684\u6280\u8853\u7d30\u7bc0\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u6703\u63d0\u4e00\u4e9b\u300c\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u300d\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9806\u4fbf\u8b1b\u8b1b\u81ea\u5df1\u63a1\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u89e3\u6c7a\u8fa6\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u6703\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5168\u76e4\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u58d3\u6839\u5c31\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u5373\u5c07\u5230\u4f86\u7684\u6f14\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u4f9d\u7136\u53ea\u662f\u5c07\u4e00\u5806\u8a08\u756b\u6771\u62fc\u897f\u6e4a\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u80cc\u666f\u4ecb\u7d39\u6216\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5c08\u5bb6\u624d\u80fd\u641e\u61c2\u6211\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u53ea\u6703\u807d\u5f97\u4e00\u982d\u9727\u6c34\u3002\u5e78\u597d\uff0c\u76e3\u7763\u6211\u9032\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\uff23\u6559\u6388\u767c\u89ba\u6211\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u51fa\u7d15\u6f0f\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u8acb\u6211\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\u9810\u6f14\u4e00\u904d\u3002\u8b1d\u5929\u8b1d\u5730\uff0c\u5e78\u597d\u6211\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u9080\u8acb\u3002\u807d\u5b8c\u5831\u544a\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\uff23\u6559\u6388\u975e\u5e38\u9707\u9a5a\uff0c\u8aaa\u4ed6\u842c\u842c\u6c92\u60f3\u5230\u6211\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u5982\u6b64\u8ca7\u4e4f\uff08\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u6211\u5012\u89ba\u5f97\u4ed6\u7576\u6642\u4e26\u4e0d\u9a5a\u8a1d\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u7adf\u7136\u4e0d\u77e5\u6211\u8ddf\u4ed6\u651c\u624b\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u6709\u591a\u9ebc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u60f3\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6211\u82e5\u662f\u7167\u539f\u6a2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1. \u4f60\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8981\u6709\u4e3b\u984c\u3002\u4e3b\u984c\u5c31\u662f\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u4f60\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u958b\u59cb\u6f14\u8b1b\u6642\uff0c\u5343\u842c\u5225\u8aaa\u300c\u6211\u60f3\u89e3\u91cb\u5149\u88ab\u61f8\u6d6e\u5fae\u7c92\u6563\u5c04\u5f8c\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u6ce2\u9577\u76f8\u4f9d\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u8aaa\u300c\u5f88\u591a\u5927\u4eba\u90fd\u60f3\u5411\u5c0f\u5b69\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u70ba\u4f55\u5929\u7a7a\u662f\u85cd\u8272\u7684\u300d\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<p><strong> 2. 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3. \u6f14\u8b1b\u524d\u52d9\u5fc5\u6392\u6f14\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u8acb\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u4f4d\u540c\u5115\u6216\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u65c1\u807d\u4e26\u9ede\u8a55\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u8981\u80fd\u52c7\u65bc\u767c\u554f\u4e14\u63d0\u51fa\u5be6\u7528\u7684\u610f\u898b\u3002\u6f14\u8b1b\u662f\u56b4\u8085\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6389\u4ee5\u8f15\u5fc3\u3002\u4f60\u672a\u4f86\u80fd\u5426\u5e73\u6b65\u9752\u96f2\uff0c\u5168\u90fd\u4ef0\u8cf4\u4f60\u7684\u8cc7\u6df1\u540c\u4e8b\u662f\u5426\u9858\u610f\u9f0e\u529b\u76f8\u52a9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u80e1\u4e82\u62fc\u6e4a\u6280\u8853\u89e3\u8aaa\u3001\u5be6\u9a57\u5167\u5bb9\u8207\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8b93\u4eba\u611f\u89ba\u4f60\u6839\u672c\u6beb\u7121\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ea\u91dd\u5c0d\u89c0\u773e\u5e2d\u4e2d\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\u6e96\u5099\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u4f60\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u660e\u65e5\u4e4b\u661f\u6216\u525b\u5c55\u9732\u982d\u89d2\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u5c07\u6703\u4e00\u6557\u5857\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\uff23\u6559\u6388\u7684\u76e3\u7763\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u7e3d\u7b97\u660e\u767d\u4ec0\u9ebc\u624d\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u300d\u3002<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u6211\u5fc5\u9808\u5148\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7522\u751f\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u65b9\u80fd\u63d0\u51fa\u5c0d\u5225\u4eba\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u6211\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u57cb\u9996\u89e3\u6c7a\u5225\u4eba\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u300c\u667a\u80fd\u4f01\u696d\u300d\uff08intellectual enterprise\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5b50\uff0c\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u4e26\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u6539\u5584\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u6211\u4e1f\u68c4\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u5148\u6253\u7b97\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u63a1\u53d6\uff23\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u6539\u4ee5\u4e3b\u984c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5448\u73fe\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u805a\u7126\u6f14\u8b1b\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u6211\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u78ba\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u5834\u7cbe\u91c7\u7684\u6f14\u8aaa\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u7d20\u672a\u8b00\u9762\u7684\u4eba\u7d1b\u7d1b\u524d\u4f86\u81f4\u610f\uff0c\u8aaa\u6211\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9818\u57df\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9084\u7a31\u8b9a\u6211\u689d\u7406\u6e05\u6670\u3002\u9019\u985e\u5609\u52c9\u4e4b\u8a9e\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u9f13\u52f5\u3002\u6211\u5f9e\u4e2d\u5b78\u5230\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6559\u8a13\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u638c\u63e1\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u82e5\u60f3\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u7acb\u8db3\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u627e\u4e00\u4f4d\u300c\u7814\u7a76\u5c0e\u5e2b\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u7121\u6b0a\u6307\u63ee\u4f60\uff0c\u4f46\u7d93\u9a57\u8c50\u5bcc\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4f60\u8aee\u8a62\u6216\u63d0\u4f9b\u5efa\u8b70\u3002\u5343\u842c\u5225\u7f9e\u65bc\u8a8d\u8b58\u6307\u5c0e\u6559\u6388\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u3002\u4f60\u5468\u906d\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u6210\u5929\u95dc\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u6216\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u90fd\u6e34\u671b\u8207\u4eba\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u6a02\u65bc\u63d0\u4f9b\u5efa\u8b70\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6587\u5b57\u51fa\u8655<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u300a<a href=\"\/\/www.books.com.tw\/exep\/assp.php\/Techorange\/products\/0010648409?utm_source=Techorange&amp;utm_medium=ap-books&amp;utm_content=recommend&amp;utm_campaign=ap-201409\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u5225\u8b93\u7562\u696d\u8b8a\u5931\u696d\uff1a\u6709\u4e86\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u9084\u4e0d\u5920\uff0c\u4f60\u66f4\u9700\u5177\u5099\u5b78\u754c\u548c\u696d\u754c\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u529b<\/a>\u300b<\/p>\n<p>\uff08A PhD Is Not Enough!: A Guide to Survival in Science\uff09<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/\/www.books.com.tw\/exep\/assp.php\/Techorange\/products\/0010648409?utm_source=Techorange&amp;utm_medium=ap-books&amp;utm_content=recommend&amp;utm_campaign=ap-201409\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-12724 size-medium\" src=\"\/\/buzzorange.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/635452436111067228-208x300.jpg\" alt=\"635452436111067228\" width=\"208\" height=\"300\" 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