{"id":16180,"date":"2015-03-23T18:54:11","date_gmt":"2015-03-23T10:54:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/2015\/03\/23\/the-history-of-homosexual-in-the-netherlands-2\/"},"modified":"2015-03-23T18:54:11","modified_gmt":"2015-03-23T10:54:11","slug":"the-history-of-homosexual-in-the-netherlands-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/2015\/03\/23\/the-history-of-homosexual-in-the-netherlands-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8377\u862d\u540c\u5fd7\u8840\u6dda\u53f2\uff1a\u5f9e\u6578\u5343\u540d\u300c\u60a3\u8005\u300d\u88ab\u95b9\u5272\uff0c\u5230\u8655\u8655\u53ef\u898b\u611b\u4fb6\u4e0a\u8857\u64c1\u543b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" aligncenter\" src=\"\/\/pgw.udn.com.tw\/gw\/photo.php?u=\/\/uc.udn.com.tw\/photo\/2015\/02\/13\/99\/542120.jpg&amp;x=0&amp;y=0&amp;sw=0&amp;sh=0&amp;sl=W&amp;fw=1050\" alt=\"\" width=\"595\" height=\"396\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>\uff08photo credit\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/RozeMaandag\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Roze Maandag<\/a>\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u9673\u5b9b\u8431<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: 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21 \u6b72\uff0c\u5c31\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u8207\u4f4e\u65bc\u6cd5\u5b9a\u5e74\u9f61\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u767c\u751f\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8655\u4ee5 4 \u5e74\u7684\u5f92\u5211\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6cd5\u6848\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u70ba\u4fdd\u5b88\u52e2\u529b\u6253\u64ca\u540c\u5fd7\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u5229\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><b><span style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u6700\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p>\u96d6\u7136\u5fb7\u570b\u4f54\u9818\u671f\u9593\u7684\u8377\u862d\u540c\u6027\u6200\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u906d\u5230\u5fb7\u570b\u7c4d\u540c\u5fd7\u7684\u60b2\u6158\u547d\u904b\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u540c\u5fd7\u793e\u7fa4\u9084\u662f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7279\u5225\u5c0f\u5fc3\u8b39\u614e\uff0c\u6230\u722d\u524d\u671f\u958b\u59cb\u840c\u82bd\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u6b0a\u5229\u904b\u52d5\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u5043\u65d7\u606f\u9f13\uff0c\u975c\u5f85\u89e3\u653e\u4e4b\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\uff0c\u300c\u6587\u5316\u8207\u5a1b\u6a02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u300d\uff08Cultuur en Ontspaaings Centrum\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31 COC\uff09\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u540c\u5fd7\u793e\u7fa4\u514d\u65bc\u9a37\u64fe\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u5834\u6240\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u6210\u70ba\u540c\u5fd7\u6b0a\u5229\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7d44\u7e54\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5728\u60f3\u8981\u6062\u5fa9\u6230\u524d\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u61f7\u820a\u7cbe\u795e\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u7fa9\u52e2\u529b\u518d\u5ea6\u62ac\u982d\uff0c\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6557\u5fb7\u8868\u5fb5\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u793e\u7fa4\u81ea\u7136\u9996\u7576\u5176\u885d\u3002\u5728\u540c\u5fd7\u884c\u70ba\u4ecd\u7136\u88ab\u7576\u4f5c\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u91ab\u5e2b\u5011\u958b\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u7a2e\u6975\u70ba\u6b98\u9177\u7684\u300c\u6cbb\u7642\u300d\u624b\u6bb5\u4f86\u300c\u77ef\u6b63\u300d\u540c\u5fd7\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u99ed\u4eba\u807d\u805e\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u95b9\u5272\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u64da\u8377\u862d\u5b98\u65b9\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c<span style=\"color: #008000\"><strong>\u5728 1930 \u5e74\u5230 1968 \u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u5c31\u6709 384 \u4f8b\u7537\u540c\u6027\u6200\u81ea\u9858\u88ab\u95b9\u5272\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728\u88ab\u902e\u6355\u5f8c\uff0c\u5728\u77ef\u6b63\u5b98\u6216\u4f86\u5354\u52a9\u7f6a\u72af\u77ef\u6cbb\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u8a98\u5c0e\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u300c\u5fb9\u5e95\u6839\u9664\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u75c5\u6839\u300d<\/strong><\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u7136\u9019\u500b\u6578\u64da\u9060\u9060\u4f4e\u65bc\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u6700\u60e1\u540d\u662d\u5f70\u7684\u300c\u5272\u624b\u300dAim\u00e9 J.A.M. Wijffels \u91ab\u751f\u64da\u4f30\u8a08\u5c31\u66fe\u95b9\u5272\u904e\u5169\u5343\u591a\u540d\u75c5\u60a3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\uff0c\u8377\u862d\u8a69\u4eba Jan Hanlo \u64da\u8aaa\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u300c\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u300d\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u88ab\u95b9\u5272\u7684\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u662f\u5e74\u8f15\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u662f\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u7684\u5c11\u5e74\u3002\u7576\u5b69\u5b50\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u6216\u5929\u771f\u5730\u5411\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u6559\u58eb\u6216\u795e\u7236\u8868\u9054\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6027\u82e6\u60f1\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5bb6\u9577\u8207\u6559\u58eb\u5011\u70ba\u4e86\u4fdd\u8b77\u9019\u4e9b\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u300c\u9748\u9b42\u300d\uff0c\u6216\u64d4\u5fc3\u4ed6\u5011\u505a\u51fa\u9055\u6cd5\uff08\u767c\u751f\u540c\u6027\u6200\u884c\u70ba\uff1f\uff09\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4f86\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u628a\u4ed6\u5011\u9001\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u6bd4\u5c60\u592b\u597d\u4e0d\u5230\u54ea\u88e1\u53bb\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u95b9\u5272\u91ab\u5e2b\u90a3\u88e1\u53bb\uff0c\u4e00\u52de\u6c38\u9038\u5730\u89e3\u6c7a\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6027\u7169\u60f1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000\"><strong>\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u60b2\u6158\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u662f 1956 \u5e74\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5bc4\u5bbf\u5b78\u6821\u7206\u767c\u8650\u7ae5\u6027\u919c\u805e\uff0c\u52c7\u6562\u544a\u767c\u81ea\u5df1\u906d\u5230\u795e\u7236\u6027\u4fb5\u7684\u5c11\u5e74\u5728\u5831\u6848\u5f8c\u53c8\u88ab\u8b66\u65b9\u9001\u5f80\u540c\u6a23\u7531\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6703\u7d93\u71df\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u9662\uff0c\u96a8\u5f8c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6200\u884c\u70ba\u906d\u5230\u95b9\u5272\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/span>\u9019\u4e9b\u88ab\u95b9\u5272\u8005\u7684\u547d\u904b\u9bae\u5c11\u518d\u88ab\u63d0\u8d77\uff0c\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u95dc\u5207\u4ed6\u5011\u6b64\u5f8c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u50c5\u6709\u82e5\u5e72\u5831\u5c0e\u6307\u51fa\u591a\u4eba\u4ee5\u81ea\u6bba\u7d42\u7d50\u81ea\u5df1\u60b2\u6158\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><b><span style=\"font-size: x-large\">\u5f9e\u5e73\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u5230\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8a8d\u540c<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p>\u7576\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u793e\u7fa4\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u582a\u8b66\u5bdf\u7684\u9577\u671f\u9a37\u64fe\u767c\u751f\u77f3\u7246\u66b4\u52d5\uff08<a href=\"\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stonewall_riots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stonewall Riot<\/a>,1969 \u5e74 6 \u6708 28 \u65e5\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u4eba\u6b0a\u5beb\u4e0b\u4e00\u9801\u65b0\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u4e5f\u63a8\u52d5\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u5e73\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u98a8\u6f6e\u3002\u5728\u8377\u862d\uff0c\u9019\u6ce2\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4f86\u5f97\u7a0d\u5fae\u6162\u4e86\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u6642\u7684\u8377\u862d\u540c\u5fd7\u6b0a\u5229\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8aaa COC\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5c07\u540c\u5fd7\u878d\u5165\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u6703\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5f37\u8abf\u540c\u5fd7\u7684\u7368\u7279\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8a8d\u540c\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u540c\u5fd7\u9664\u7f6a\u5316\u8207\u540c\u5fd7\u5e73\u6b0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u7406\u60f3\u7d42\u65bc\u5728 1971 \u5e74\u3001248 \u6cd5\u6848\u9812\u767c\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u5be6\u73fe\uff0c248 \u6cd5\u6848\u88ab\u5ee2\u9664\u4e86\u3002\u5f80\u5f8c\u7684\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\uff0cCOC \u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u63a8\u52d5\u53cd\u6b67\u8996\u6cd5\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u6200\u8005\u5728\u5404\u500b\u9818\u57df\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u7570\u6027\u6200\u8005\u4eab\u6709\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u8377\u862d\u540c\u5fd7\u793e\u7fa4\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u52c7\u6562\u5730\u7ad9\u51fa\u4f86\u8868\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u7368\u7279\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8a8d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f9e 1977 \u5e74\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u3001\u5f9e\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u5927\u904a\u884c\uff08Gay Pride Parade\uff09\u5f97\u5230\u555f\u767c\u7684<a href=\"\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roze_Zaterdag\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u7c89\u7d05\u661f\u671f\u516d\uff08Roze Zaterdag\uff09<\/a>\u6bcf\u5e74\u8f2a\u6d41\u5728\u8377\u862d\u4e0d\u540c\u57ce\u5e02\u8209\u8fa6\uff0c\u5c07\u540c\u5fd7\u5e73\u6b0a\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u5165\u76f8\u5c0d\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u8377\u862d\u5167\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u8377\u862d\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u793e\u7fa4\u64c1\u6709\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6b21\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5920\u6beb\u7121\u56f0\u96e3\u5730\u9032\u5165\u4e3b\u6d41\u5a92\u9ad4\u8207\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u8377\u862d\u4e3b\u6d41\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u74b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u7576\u521d\u88ab\u6392\u64e0\u88ab\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u9670\u5f71\u4ecd\u7136\u5982\u5f71\u96a8\u5f62\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u7576 80 \u5e74\u4ee3\u540c\u5fd7\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u6d6e\u51fa\u6aaf\u9762\uff0c\u8377\u862d\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u5718\u9ad4\u8868\u73fe\u5730\u76f8\u7576\u51b7\u611f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u597d\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53cd\u6297\u90a3\u4e9b\u66fe\u7d93\u58d3\u5236\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u50f5\u5316\u50b3\u7d71\u9ad4\u5236\uff0c\u56ae\u5f80\u9019\u6a23\u8c61\u5fb5\u8457\u53cd\u52d5\u7684\uff08\u7537\u5973\uff09\u5a5a\u59fb\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d\u6574\u500b\u904b\u52d5\u8207\u540c\u5fd7\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u80cc\u53db\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7576\u767b\u8a18\u4f34\u4fb6\u5236\u554f\u4e16\u5f8c\uff0c\u7d50\u5a5a\u8207\u5426\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u518d\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u8b70\u984c\u518d\u8ddf\u90a3\u4e9b\u4fdd\u5b88\u4efd\u5b50\u91dd\u92d2\u76f8\u5c0d\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u503c\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5f8c\uff0cCOC \u7b49\u540c\u5fd7\u5718\u9ad4\u4f9d\u7136\u9078\u64c7\u6295\u5165\u63a8\u52d5\u540c\u5fd7\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u884c\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff1a<span style=\"color: #008000\"><strong>\u4ed6\u5011\u722d\u53d6\u7684\u662f\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u6b0a\u529b<\/strong><\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u8ab0\u5c0d\u8ab0\u932f\u3002\u4f60\u8aaa\u5a5a\u59fb\u95dc\u4fc2\u53cd\u52d5\u4e5f\u597d\u3001\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u7d50\u5408\u4e5f\u7f77\uff0c\u9019\u61c9\u8a72\u8b93\u540c\u5fd7\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u7570\u6027\u6200\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u611b\u3001\u70ba\u4e86\u9322\u3001\u70ba\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u3001\u70ba\u4e86\u7bc0\u7a05\u9084\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u66f4\u5947\u602a\u7684\u7406\u7531\u9078\u64c7\u7d50\u5a5a\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u8ab0\u6709\u8cc7\u683c\u963b\u6b62\u4ed6\u5011\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<h2><b><span style=\"font-size: 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style=\"color: #808080\">\uff08\u7de8\u6309\uff1a\u539f\u6587\u767c\u4f48\u65bc 2\/13\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u50c5\u4ee5\u9019\u7bc7\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u53c8\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u9577\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u795d\u798f\u9019\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5e78\u798f\u3002\u8981\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u503c\u5f97\u611b\u3001\u53c8\u611b\u4f60\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u96e3\u5f97\uff0c\u76f8\u611b\u53c8\u80fd\u5920\u76f8\u5b88\u7684\u5c31\u66f4\u5c11\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u6709\u7684\u611b\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5947\u8e5f\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u8a95\u751f\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u7f8e\u597d\u4e14\u71e6\u721b\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u9019\u611b\u88e1\uff0c\u8b93\u4e0d\u4fe1\u795e\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b8f\u5049\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u795e\u5982\u679c\u771f\u7684\u842c\u80fd\uff0c\u7942\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e5f\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u611b\uff0c\u4f86\u611f\u52d5\u6211\u5011\u3001\u958b\u653e\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5fc3\u80f8\u3001\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u8d85\u8d8a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u754c\u7dda\u3002\u4f46\u9858\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u611b\u8457\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bb9\u8a31\u4ed6\u4eba\u53bb\u611b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000\"><strong>\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><a href=\"\/\/buzzorange.com\/2015\/03\/25\/you-should-join-the-homosexual-parade\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u6551\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u4f5c\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u5148\u53bb\u540c\u5fd7\u7684\u5834\u5b50\u8d70\u8d70<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u6587\u7ae0\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u9673\u5b9b\u8431\u6388\u6b0a\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u6a19\u984c\uff1a<a href=\"\/\/opinion.udn.com\/opinion\/story\/7286\/706406-%E3%80%90%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%8B%E3%80%91%E7%9F%B3%E7%89%86%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E6%88%91%E6%84%9B%E4%BD%A0%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E8%A1%80%E6%B7%9A%E5%8F%B2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u3010\u8377\u862d\u4e8b\u3011\u77f3\u7246\u4e0a\u7684\u6211\u611b\u4f60\u2014\u2014\u8377\u862d\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u8840\u6dda\u53f2<\/a>\uff1bphoto credit\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/RozeMaandag\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Roze Maandag<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"btnSupport\" href=\"#\"><img id=\"divSupport\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uff08photo credit\uff1aRoze Maandag\uff09 \u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u9673\u5b9b\u8431 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