{"id":15519,"date":"2015-06-22T00:18:42","date_gmt":"2015-06-21T16:18:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/2015\/06\/22\/james-heckman\/"},"modified":"2015-06-22T00:18:42","modified_gmt":"2015-06-21T16:18:42","slug":"james-heckman","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/2015\/06\/22\/james-heckman\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7f8e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\uff1a\u591a\u62c9\u5f31\u52e2\u5b69\u7ae5\u4e00\u628a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6e1b\u5c11\u672a\u4f86\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u6295\u8cc7"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<a href=\"\/\/www.thinkingtaiwan.com\/author\/2763\">\u738b\u601d\u6377<\/a><\/p>\n<p>6 \u6708 2 \u65e5\uff0c\u8a2a\u7f8e\u7684\u6c11\u9032\u9ee8\u4e3b\u5e2d\u8521\u82f1\u6587\u8207\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u8d6b\u514b\u66fc\uff08James Heckman\uff09\u6703\u9762\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u8a72\u9ee8\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u65b0\u805e\u7a3f\uff0c\u300c\u96d9\u65b9\u5c31\u53f0\u7063\u7d93\u6fdf\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u554f\u984c\u505a\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u5f31\u52e2\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u554f\u984c\uff0c<strong><span style=\"color: #333399;\">\u653f\u5e9c\u61c9\u8a72\u63a1\u53d6\u5fc5\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u8b93\u5f31\u52e2\u5152\u7ae5\u5728\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u63a5\u53d7\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5728\u6210\u9577\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u843d\u5dee\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u300d<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/fbcdn-sphotos-c-a.akamaihd.net\/hphotos-ak-xat1\/v\/t1.0-9\/s720x720\/11390269_10152726562481065_7200422446969640110_n.jpg?oh=d1142b9ff8c6b7ae8baba97b78e39d04&amp;oe=561F548E&amp;__gda__=1441191055_fb1a684dddf64f1ae2d0581542d3a49b\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"479\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u8521\u82f1\u6587\u65bc\u8a2a\u7f8e\u671f\u9593\u5728\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u8207\u8d6b\u514b\u66fc\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6559\u80b2\u8207\u7d93\u6fdf\u8b70\u984c\u3002\uff08\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/tsaiingwen\/photos\/a.390960786064.163647.46251501064\/10152726562481065\/?type=1&amp;permPage=1\">\u8521\u82f1\u6587\u81c9\u66f8\u7c89\u7d72\u5c08\u9801<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u8d6b\u514b\u66fc\u662f\u4f55\u8a31\u4eba\u4e5f\uff1f\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u8ac7\u6559\u80b2\uff1f\u4ed6\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u8b93\u5f31\u52e2\u5152\u7ae5\u5728\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u63a5\u53d7\u6700\u597d\u6559\u80b2\u300d\u53c8\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u8d6b\u514b\u66fc\u51fa\u751f\u65bc 1944 \u5e74\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u666e\u6797\u65af\u9813\u5927\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u5f8c\uff0c\u66fe\u57f7\u6559\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc 1973 \u5e74\u8d74\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u57f7\u6559\u81f3\u4eca\u3002\u4ed6\u5728 2000 \u5e74\u56e0\u8a08\u91cf\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u548c\u5fae\u91cf\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u548c Daniel McFadden \u5171\u540c\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7d93\u6fdf\u734e\uff0c\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u5168\u7403\u5341\u5927\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u6aa2\u8996\u300c\u6559\u80b2\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u300d\uff08educational inequity\uff09\u7684\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u6295\u5165\u9ed1\u4eba\u5f31\u52e2\u5bb6\u5ead\u8207\u5b78\u524d\u6559\u80b2\uff08early childhood education\uff09\u3001pre-K \u6559\u80b2\uff08pre-kindergarten\uff0c\u5373\u5e7c\u7a1a\u5712\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u70ba\u5b78\u524d\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e00\u74b0\uff09\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6709\u8457\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\uff1a\u6539\u5584\u6559\u80b2\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f80\u4e00\u5411\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u9805\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u9577\u671f\u8cc7\u6e90\u8207\u7af6\u722d\u529b\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7d93\u6fdf\u8b70\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8d6b\u514b\u66fc\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u300c\u516c\u5e73\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6548\u7387\u300d\u4ee5\u5f80\u7e3d\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e92\u65a5\u9078\u9805\uff0c\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6108\u4f4e\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u5229\u5f97\u7a05\u7387\uff08\u6108\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\uff09\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u6295\u8cc7\uff08\u589e\u9032\u6548\u7387\uff09\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u516c\u5e73\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\u7d93\u6fdf\u6548\u7387\u3002<span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u4f46\u4ed6\u6311\u6230\u50b3\u7d71\u601d\u7dad\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u6559\u80b2\u516c\u5e73\u4e0d\u55ae\u7d14\u662f\u88dc\u52a9\u5f31\u52e2\u7684\u300c\u516c\u5e73\u6b63\u7fa9\u300d\u3001\u300c\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u570b\u5bb6\u6709\u5229\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8d6b\u514b\u66fc\u5c07\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u8d6b\u514b\u66fc\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u300d\uff08The Heckman Equation\uff09\uff0c<span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u8aaa\u660e\u570b\u5bb6\u5982\u679c\u6295\u8cc7\u5f31\u52e2\u5bb6\u5ead\u5b69\u7ae5\uff080-5 \u6b72\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f 3-4 \u6b72\u8005\uff09\u7684\u5b78\u524d\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u9577\u671f\u800c\u8a00\u5c07\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u793e\u798f\u652f\u51fa\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u4e26\u589e\u52a0\u7a05\u6536\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u6703\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5831\u916c\u7387\u751a\u4f73\u7684\u300c\u6295\u8cc7\u300d\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u4e00\u9805\u9577\u9054 40 \u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u30021960 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8d6b\u514b\u66fc\u5728\u5bc6\u897f\u6839\u5dde\u7684 Ypsilanti \u91dd\u5c0d\u9ed1\u4eba\u5f31\u52e2\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5b69\u7ae5\u5c55\u958b\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u6295\u5165 0-5 \u6b72\u5f31\u52e2\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u5b78\u524d\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u6b64\u5f8c\u8ffd\u8e64\u9019\u6279\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u8868\u73fe\u9577\u9054 40 \u5e74\u30021970 \u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5317\u5361\u5927\u6240\u5728\u5730\u6559\u5802\u5c71\uff08Chapel Hill\uff09\u518d\u4f5c\u985e\u4f3c\u5be6\u9a57\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8d6b\u514b\u66fc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5b69\u7ae5\u5728\u5e7c\u5e74\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u9577\u5927\u5f8c\u6703\u9020\u6210\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u6210\u5c31\u751a\u81f3\u8eab\u9ad4\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u6709\u7236\u6709\u6bcd\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u5728\u300c\u8a8d\u77e5\u523a\u6fc0\u300d\uff08\u548c\u5b78\u696d\u8868\u73fe\u76f8\u95dc\uff09\u548c\u300c\u60c5\u611f\u652f\u6301\u300d\uff08\u548c\u4eba\u683c\u990a\u6210\u76f8\u95dc\uff09\u5169\u5927\u9762\u5411\u4e0a\uff0c\u90fd\u6bd4\u55ae\u89aa\u5bb6\u5ead\u6216\u672a\u5a5a\u5abd\u5abd\u5bb6\u5ead\u5f97\u4ee5\u82b1\u8cbb\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6642\u9593\u548c\u91d1\u9322\u3002\u7d9c\u5408\u800c\u8ad6\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u7d93\u6fdf\u6536\u5165\u548c\u7236\u6bcd\u89aa\u5b50\u6559\u80b2\uff08parenting\uff09\u9019\u5169\u9805\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u5c07\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5b69\u7ae5\u7684\u6210\u9577\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5f71\u97ff\u4ed6\u5011\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u793e\u7d93\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u5c0d\u5b69\u7ae5\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u5927\u65bc\u5b78\u6821\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u4eba\u683c\u990a\u6210\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u822c\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7d71\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u80fd\u7ba1\u5230\u8ab2\u696d\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u800c\u5728\u89aa\u5b50\u6559\u80b2\u56e0\u70ba\u73fe\u4ee3\u7236\u6bcd\u5de5\u4f5c\u6642\u6578\u904e\u9577\u800c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6642\u9593\u7167\u9867\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5354\u52a9\u7236\u6bcd\u65bd\u4ee5\u5b78\u524d\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5c31\u76f4\u7dda\u4e0a\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8d6b\u514b\u66fc\u65bc 2010 \u5e74\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5831\u544a\u767c\u73fe\uff0c1960 \u5e74\u4ee3\u6295\u5165\u5f31\u52e2\u9ed1\u4eba\u5bb6\u5ead\u5b78\u524d\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u63db\u7b97\u70ba 2006 \u5e74\uff08\u9019\u4efd\u5831\u544a\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u64b0\u5beb\u6642\u70ba 2006 \u5e74\uff09\u7f8e\u91d1\u5e63\u503c\u7d04\u70ba\u6bcf\u540d\u5152\u7ae5\u6bcf\u5e74 17759 \u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u653f\u5e9c\u6bcf\u5e74\u80fd\u6709\u5927\u7d04 7-10% \u7684\u300c\u5831\u916c\u7387\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u5c0f\u5b69 4 \u6b72\u6642\u82b1\u7684\u4e00\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5230\u6b64\u4eba 65 \u6b72\u6642\uff0c\u7522\u751f 60-300 \u7f8e\u5143\u4e0d\u7b49\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff1b\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u85aa\u8cc7\u76f8\u5c0d\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u540c\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u4eba\u9ad8\u3001\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u66f4\u4f4e\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u793e\u798f\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u4f4e\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u6210\u529f\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u6295\u8cc7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6a23\u6295\u5165\u5b78\u524d\u6559\u80b2\u7684 The Perry Preschool Program\uff0c\u4e5f\u91dd\u5c0d\u667a\u5546\u4e0d\u53ca 85 \u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u6236\u4e09\u6b72\u5152\u7ae5\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u6bcf\u9031\u4e94\u5929\u3001\u6bcf\u6b21 2.5 \u5c0f\u6642\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u8f14\u5c0e\uff0c\u6bcf\u9031\u4e26\u6709 1.5 \u5c0f\u6642\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u8a2a\u8996\uff0c\u9577\u671f\u8ffd\u8e64\u81f3\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6642\u671f\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u667a\u5546\u4e26\u672a\u6709\u660e\u986f\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u4f46\u8003\u8a66\u6210\u7e3e\u8b8a\u597d\uff0c\u4eba\u683c\u8868\u73fe\u4e5f\u8b8a\u4f73\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u91dd\u5c0d\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u6236\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7121\u6cd5\u8b49\u660e\u9019\u9805\u6295\u8cc7\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4e5f\u6703\u9020\u6210\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u6548\u679c\u3002\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388 David Deming \u5247\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u662f\u5426\u63a5\u53d7\u597d\u7684\u5b78\u524d\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u6703\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u8d6b\u514b\u66fc\u56e0\u6b64\u4e26\u672a\u63a8\u52d5\u5168\u9762\u6027\u7684\u5b78\u524d\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5f62\u6210\u8b93\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5728\u7b56\u7565\u4e0a\u5fc5\u9808\u7d0d\u5165\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u70ba\u4efb\u4f55\u5b78\u524d\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6559\u6750\u8ab2\u7a0b\u80cc\u66f8\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u90a3\u662f\u8a72\u7531\u6559\u5e2b\u548c\u5bb6\u9577\u53bb\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8d6b\u514b\u66fc\u8aaa\uff0c\u524d\u7f8e\u570b\u8ca1\u653f\u90e8\u6b21\u9577 Lawrence Summers \u66fe\u958b\u73a9\u7b11\u5f0f\u7684\u7b11\u4ed6\uff0c\u5e74\u7d00\u5927\u4e86\u5c45\u7136\u8b8a\u6210\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4e86\uff0c\u8d6b\u514b\u66fc\u56de\u7b54\uff0c<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u4ed6\u6240\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\u4e26\u975e\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4fee\u6b63\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u4ee5\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6e90\u6295\u5165\u5f31\u52e2\u5b78\u524d\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u300c\u4e0d\u662f\u8a0e\u597d\u7aae\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u70ba\u5927\u5bb6\u7701\u9322\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8cc7\u6e90\u91cd\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c07\u73fe\u5728\u82b1\u5728\u76e3\u7344\u3001\u5065\u4fdd\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u6559\u80b2\u7b49\u9818\u57df\u7684\u9810\u7b97\uff0c\u64a5\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u4efd\u4f86\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u4ee5\u5f80\u6c92\u6709\u7684\u8ca2\u737b<\/strong><\/span>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u78ba\u5b9a\u6295\u8cc7\u5728\u5f31\u52e2\u5bb6\u5ead\u5b78\u524d\u6559\u80b2\u5177\u6709\u6b63\u9762\u6548\u76ca\uff0c\u5f9e\u7d93\u6fdf\u9762\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u6295\u8cc7\u6bd4\u4e8b\u5f8c\u7684\u88dc\u52a9\u7aae\u4eba\u3001\u72af\u7f6a\u77ef\u6b63\u7b49\u7b49\u88dc\u6551\u63aa\u65bd\u90fd\u4f86\u5f97\u6709\u6548\u800c\u7701\u9322\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8d6b\u514b\u66fc\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5df2\u7372\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u652f\u6301\uff0c2013 \u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u6703\u70ba\u5b78\u524d\u6559\u80b2\u589e\u52a0 2.5 \u5104\u7f8e\u5143\u9810\u7b97\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u6709 15 \u500b\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u64a5\u767c\u66f4\u591a\u9810\u7b97\u7d66\u5f31\u52e2\u5b78\u524d\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u80fd\u7121\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u5957\u7528\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u6216\u8a31\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003\u8d6b\u514b\u66fc\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u6709\u8457\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u7531\u5433\u5ff5\u771f\u64d4\u4efb\u7406\u4e8b\u9577\u7684\u5feb\u6a02\u5b78\u7fd2\u5354\u6703\uff0c\u5169\u5e74\u4f86\u6295\u5165\u5728\u5168\u53f0\u5404\u9109\u93ae\u8a2d\u7acb\u300c\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u57fa\u5730\u300d\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5718\u9ad4\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u7531\u5728\u5730\u4eba\u58eb\u70ba\u8ca7\u56f0\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u55ae\u89aa\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u65b0\u4f4f\u6c11\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u9694\u4ee3\u6559\u990a\u5bb6\u5ead\u5152\u7ae5\u63d0\u4f9b\u514d\u8cbb\u8ab2\u5f8c\u8f14\u5c0e\uff0c\u5354\u6703\u5247\u626e\u6f14\u7d93\u8cbb\u548c\u7269\u8cc7\u532f\u96c6\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u64da\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u70ba\u6b62\u5df2\u8a2d\u6709 20 \u500b\u300c\u57fa\u5730\u300d\uff0c\u7167\u9867\u903e 500 \u4eba\uff0c\u9810\u8a08\u5e74\u5e95\u524d\u8981\u5c07\u64da\u9ede\u589e\u52a0\u5230 30-35 \u500b\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"\/\/www.thinkingtaiwan.com\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/insert\/policy\/hua_lian_feng_lin_.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"607\" height=\"455\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u5feb\u6a02\u5b78\u7fd2\u5354\u6703\u65bc\u82b1\u84ee\u9cf3\u6797\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u5be6\u6cc1\u3002\uff08\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/afterschool368?fref=ts\">\u5feb\u6a02\u5b78\u7fd2\u5354\u6703\u81c9\u66f8\u7c89\u7d72\u5c08\u9801<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u9019\u500b\u8a08\u756b\u548c\u8d6b\u514b\u66fc\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u4f46\u57f7\u884c\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8d6b\u514b\u66fc\u5f37\u8abf 0-5 \u6b72\u7684\u5b78\u524d\u5152\u7ae5\uff0c\u79d8\u5bc6\u57fa\u5730\u5247\u4e3b\u8981\u5354\u52a9\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b78\u751f\u3002\u5433\u5ff5\u771f\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8a08\u756b\u8d77\u6e90\u4f86\u81ea\u7d19\u98a8\u8eca\u5287\u5718\u5de1\u6f14\u5404\u5730\u6642\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u770b\u5230\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u53f0\u4e0b\u9592\u6643\uff0c\u7121\u8655\u53ef\u53bb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7d50\u5408\u7d19\u98a8\u8eca\u73ed\u5e95\u7684\u5433\u5ff5\u771f\u3001\u7c21\u5fd7\u5fe0\u3001\u674e\u6c38\u8c50\u3001\u67ef\u4e00\u6b63\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u65bc 2013 \u5e74 7 \u6708\u6210\u7acb\u5feb\u6a02\u5b78\u7fd2\u5354\u6703\uff0c\u70ba\u504f\u9109\u8a2d\u7acb\u514d\u8cbb\u8ab2\u5f8c\u8f14\u5c0e\u73ed\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u8ab2\u8f14\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u300c\u966a\u4f34\u5b69\u5b50\u6210\u9577\u300d\u3001\u300c\u63d0\u4f9b\u9f13\u821e\u300d\u3001\u300c\u62c9\u5b69\u5b50\u4e00\u628a\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"\/\/www.thinkingtaiwan.com\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/insert\/policy\/yi_lan_su_ao_.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"618\" height=\"410\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u8001\u5e2b\u65bc\u5b9c\u862d\u8607\u6fb3\u300c\u79d8\u5bc6\u57fa\u5730\u300d\u6307\u5c0e\u5b69\u5b50\u8ab2\u696d\u3002\uff08\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/afterschool368?fref=ts\">\u5feb\u6a02\u5b78\u7fd2\u5354\u6703\u81c9\u66f8\u7c89\u7d72\u5c08\u9801<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e\u6b64\u8a08\u756b\u7684\u6210\u6557\u986f\u7136\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7d93\u8cbb\uff0c\u8a72\u5354\u6703\u9810\u4f30\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u5730\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u5e74\u9810\u7b97\u70ba 80-120 \u842c\uff0c30 \u500b\u57fa\u5730\u6bcf\u5e74\u5c31\u8981 3000 \u842c\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f9d\u7167\u8d6b\u514b\u66fc\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6e90\u61c9\u8a72\u9069\u5ea6\u6295\u5165\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u4ecb\u5165\u8207\u5354\u52a9\u4e0d\u4f46\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6210\u9577\u8207\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9810\u9632\u672a\u4f86\u82b1\u8cbb\u66f4\u591a\u793e\u6703\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u8cc7\u6e90\u53bb\u88dc\u6551\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u53c3\u8003\u9023\u7d50\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ext\" href=\"\/\/www.google.com.tw\/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=1&amp;ved=0CCEQFjAAahUKEwjJltSE7obGAhXHM7wKHXnmALg&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aft.org%2Fae%2Fspring2011%2Fheckman&amp;ei=ChZ5VcnpK8fn8AX5zIPACw&amp;usg=AFQjCNFdvkpbe7tyL8O2EA6Cn4MwjG1Gsg&amp;sig2=5DsMqd_dXgtUOnp-BVsI4w&amp;bvm=bv.95277229,d.dGc&amp;cad=rja\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The economics of inequality &#8212; the value of early childhood education, James Heckman (PDF)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ext\" href=\"\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/bw\/articles\/2014-01-16\/the-heckman-equation-early-childhood-education-benefits-all\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Heckman Equation: Early Childhood Education Benefits All<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ext\" href=\"\/\/afterschool368.org\/index.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u5feb\u6a02\u5b78\u7fd2\u5354\u6703<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ext\" href=\"\/\/www.businesstoday.com.tw\/article-content-80409-116509\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u5433\u5ff5\u771f\u70ba\u5b69\u5b50\u9ede\u4e00\u76de\u71c8 \u6253\u9020\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u57fa\u5730<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/\/buzzorange.com\/2015\/05\/08\/poor-people-can-not-reach-the-better-collage\/\">\u6559\u80b2 M \u578b\u5316\uff1a\u7d71\u8a08\u6578\u64da\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u7aae\u4eba\u771f\u7684\u5538\u4e0d\u8d77\u53f0\u6e05\u4ea4<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/\/buzzorange.com\/2015\/03\/20\/the-story-for-t4t\/\">\u300c\u4f60\u5f88\u7279\u5225\uff0c \u7279\u5225\u5230\u8a72\u505a\u4e9b\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u4e8b\u300d\u5289\u5b89\u5a77\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u68c4\u7f8e\u9ad8\u85aa\u3001\u8fd4\u53f0\u63a8\u5ee3\u504f\u9109\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5922\u60f3\u5bb6<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/\/buzzorange.com\/2015\/05\/25\/my-name-is-cheng-chieh\/\">\u6211\u8ddf\u4ed6\u4e00\u6a23\u90fd\u53eb\u912d\u6377\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u9ad4\u5236\u5340\u5225\u4e86\u6211\u5011<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u672c\u6587\u70ba\u60f3\u60f3\u8ad6\u58c7\u6388\u6b0a\u520a\u8f09\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<a href=\"\/\/www.thinkingtaiwan.com\/author\/2763\">\u738b\u601d\u6377<\/a>\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u6a19\u984c\uff1a<a href=\"\/\/www.thinkingtaiwan.com\/content\/4205\">\u3010\u653f\u7b56\u60f3\u60f3\u3011 \u5f31\u52e2\u5152\u7ae5\u6559\u80b2\u4e0d\u662f\u793e\u798f\uff0c\u662f\u6e1b\u5c11\u672a\u4f86\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u6295\u8cc7<\/a>\uff0c\u975e\u7d93\u5141\u8a31\u3001\u4e0d\u5f97\u8f49\u8f09\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u738b\u601d\u6377 6 \u6708 2 \u65e5\uff0c\u8a2a\u7f8e\u7684\u6c11\u9032\u9ee8\u4e3b\u5e2d\u8521\u82f1\u6587\u8207\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u8d6b\u514b\u66fc\uff08James Heckman\uff09\u6703\u9762\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u8a72\u9ee8\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u65b0\u805e\u7a3f\uff0c\u300c\u96d9\u65b9\u5c31\u53f0\u7063\u7d93\u6fdf\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u554f\u984c\u505a\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u5f31\u52e2\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u6559[&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":102,"featured_media":37952,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[133,987],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15519"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/102"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15519"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15519\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37952"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15519"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15519"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15519"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}