{"id":14639,"date":"2015-10-14T14:28:57","date_gmt":"2015-10-14T06:28:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/2015\/10\/14\/the-history-of-pencil\/"},"modified":"2015-10-14T14:28:57","modified_gmt":"2015-10-14T06:28:57","slug":"the-history-of-pencil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/2015\/10\/14\/the-history-of-pencil\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4f60\u6240\u4e0d\u77e5\u7684\u6587\u5177\u53f2\uff1a\u925b\u7b46\u66fe\u7d93\u8cb4\u5230\u9023\u5c0f\u5077\u90fd\u6436\u8457\u8981\uff01"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/c1.staticflickr.com\/9\/8573\/16780623145_9fea338351_z.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"424\" 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#800000\"><strong>\u9019\u88e1\u4e00\u76f4\u8aaa\u300c\u925b\u300d\u7b46\u3001\u300c\u925b\u300d\u7b46\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u662f\u8aa4\u5c0e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u925b\uff08lead\uff09\u56fa\u7136\u66fe\u88ab\u5e0c\u81d8\u4eba\u8ddf\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u62ff\u53bb\u505a\u7b46\uff0c\u4f46\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u925b\u7b46\u88e1\u5176\u5be6\u4e26\u4e0d\u542b\u925b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5927\u5bb6\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9b06\u53e3\u6c23\u4e86\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\u925b\u6709\u5287\u6bd2\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u5b78\u9f61\u7684\u5c0f\u670b\u53cb\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u7576\u7136\u8b93\u4f60\u8a0e\u53ad\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u4f8b\u5916\u5566\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u925b\u7b46\u7684\u8a95\u751f\u662f\u5728\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\uff0c\u574e\u67cf\u862d\uff08Cumberland\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u591c\u66b4\u98a8\u96e8\u5f8c\u3002\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5df2\u6210\u6b77\u53f2\u61f8\u6848\uff0c\u7e3d\u4e4b\u50b3\u8aaa\u662f\u90a3\u5834\u66b4\u98a8\u96e8\u4e4b\u5927\u5c07\u51f1\u897f\u514b\uff08Keswick\uff09\u8fd1\u90ca\u52c3\u6d1b\u9edb\u723e\uff08Borrowdale\uff09\u539f\u91ce\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u68f5\u8001\u6a61\u6a39\u9023\u6839\u62d4\u8d77\uff0c\u9694\u5929\u9732\u51fa\u4e86\u5730\u5e95\u860a\u85cf\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u795e\u7955\u9ed1\u8272\u7269\u8cea\uff1a\u77f3\u58a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u7576\u6642\u7684\u65b0\u7269\u8cea\u88ab\u6b78\u985e\u70ba\u300c\u925b\u7926\u77f3\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u773c\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u50cf\u925b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53c8\u6709\u300c\u9ed1\u925b\u300d\u3001kellow \u6216 killow\u3001wad \u6216 wadt 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\u7684\u6771\u897f\u9084\u6eff\u597d\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u6a19\u793a\u7f8a\u96bb\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u4ed6\u5011\u53c8\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u628a\u689d\u72c0\u7684 wadd\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u77f3\u58a8\uff09\u7528\u7dda\u7e8f\u8d77\u4f86\u4ee5\u514d\u9ad2\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e94\u516d\u25cb\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u925b\u7b46\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u5df2\u7d93\u5bb6\u55bb\u6236\u66c9\uff1b\u4e00\u4e94\u516d\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u745e\u58eb\u81ea\u7136\u5b78\u5bb6\u5eb7\u62c9\u5fb7\u2027 \u84cb\u65af\u7d0d\uff08Conrad Gesner\uff09\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u5316\u77f3\u5c08\u66f8\u540d\u70ba\u300a\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e00\u985e\u7269\u4ef6\uff1a\u5316\u77f3\u3001\u5bf6\u77f3\u3001\u5ca9\u77f3\u3001\u91d1\u5c6c\u8207\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff1b\u82e5\u5e72\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u70ba\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\u300b\uff08<sub>\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\uff1a De omni rerum fossilium genere, gemmis, lapidibus metallis, et huiusmedi libri aliquot, plerique nunc primum editi \uff1b\u82f1\u6587 Of all the kind of things, fossils, gems, stones, metals, and the likes; several books, most of them now published for the rst time<\/sub>\uff09\uff0c\u7576\u4e2d\u6709\u95dc\u65bc\u300c\u925b\u7b46\u300d\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u63cf\u8ff0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u4e0b\u5716\u6240\u793a\u7684\u7b46\u72c0\u7269\u4e43\u4f5c\u70ba\u66f8\u5beb\u4e4b\u7528\uff0c\u6210\u5206\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u925b\uff08\u96d6\u7136\u6211\u807d\u805e\u6709\u4eba\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u82f1\u570b\u92bb\uff09\uff0c\u88fd\u6cd5\u662f\u5c07\u5176\u524a\u51fa\u5c16\u7aef\u5f8c\u63d2\u5165\u6728\u8cea\u67c4\u4e2d\u800c\u6210\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u5f9e\u9019\u6bb5\u6587\u5b57\u8a18\u9304\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u84cb\u65af\u7d0d\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u925b\u7b46\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u925b\u7b46\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u84cb\u65af\u7d0d\u7684\u925b\u7b46\uff08\u53ef\u53c3\u8003\u4e8c\u25cb\u25cb\u516d\u5e74\u5fb7\u570b\u7b46\u5ee0 Cleo Skribent \u751f\u7522\u7684\u985e\u4f3c\u7522\u54c1\uff09\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u689d\u925b\uff08\u77f3\u58a8\uff09\u82af\u8cab\u7a7f\u7b46\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c07\u925b\u63d2\u9032\u7a7a\u5fc3\u7684\u6728\u7ba1\u88e1\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u84cb\u65af\u7d0d\u7684\u925b\u7b46\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u6bd4\u8f03\u63a5\u8fd1\u300c\u925b\u7b46\u593e\u300d\uff08port-crayon\uff09\u6216\u300c\u925b\u7b46\u5957\u300d\uff08leadholder\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u5728\u7d20\u63cf\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6703\u62ff\u881f\u7b46\u593e\u4f86\u593e\u4f4f\u77f3\u58a8\u3001\u7c89\u7b46\u6216\u6728\u78b3\u3002\u5927\u591a\u662f\u4ee5\u9ec3\u9285\u88fd\u6210\u7684\u925b\u7b46\u593e\u70ba\u7a7a\u5fc3\u7ba1\u72c0\uff0c\u5169\u7aef\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u958b\uff0c\u7c89\u7b46\u6216\u77f3\u58a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d2\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u982d\u5f8c\u7528\u91d1\u5c6c\u74b0\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4f\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u908a\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7a2e\u984f\u8272\u3002\u925b\u7b46\u593e\u7684\u98a8\u884c\u5728\u5341\u4e03\u3001\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u9054\u5230\u9ad8\u5cf0\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u4e5f\u9084\u662f\u6709\u85dd\u8853\u754c\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u516b\u5e74\u57c3\u8a31\u7d0d\uff08M. C. Escher\uff09\u7684\u77f3\u7248\u756b\u300a\u63e1\u8457\u756b\u7b46\u7684\u624b\u300b\uff08Drawing Hands\uff09\u4e0a\u90a3\u5169\u96bb\u4e92\u76f8\u5728\u5c0d\u65b9\u8eab\u4e0a\u4f5c\u756b\u7684\u624b\u6240\u62ff\u8457\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u925b\u7b46\u593e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u925b\u7b46\u593e\u53ef\u4ee5\u593e\u7c89\u7b46\u3001\u6728\u70ad\u8ddf\u77f3\u58a8\u689d\uff0c\u7b97\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u591a\u624d\u591a\u85dd\uff0c\u925b\u7b46\u5957\u5c31\u771f\u7684\u5957\u5982\u5176\u540d\u53ea\u80fd\u5957\u4e00\u6a23\u6771\u897f\u3002\u925b\u7b46\u5957\u7684\u5957\u8eab\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u6728\u982d\u6216\u91d1\u5c6c\u5c45\u591a\uff0c\u524d\u65b9\u6709\u500b\u7531\u5927\u6162\u6162\u8b8a\u5c0f\u7684\u593e\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d2\u5165\u524a\u5c16\u5f8c\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7531\u91d1\u5c6c\u74b0\u8ddf\u87ba\u7d72\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4f\u3002\u925b\u7b46\u5957\u662f\u7e6a\u5716\u54e1\u7684\u9996\u9078\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u7e6a\u5716\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u6e96\u7684\u7dda\u689d\uff0c\u800c\u925b\u7b46\u5957\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u81ea\u52d5\u925b\u7b46\u7684\u524d\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u95dc\u65bc\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u925b\u7b46\u8a95\u751f\u65bc\u4f55\u6642\uff0c\u770b\u6cd5\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/c1.staticflickr.com\/3\/2232\/2092334173_970a9334d8_z.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\uff08Photo Credit\uff1a <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/vshioshvili\/2092334173\/in\/photolist-4bTL48-51xjik-xjDVu3-8NY3gu-6H6jQ5-6fL8Z6-opvtm5-a9airm-dDb5kC-5Z39f-stAPQM-fB2AvC-5ao3UU-gLrLkc-39uLVW-jFeMFb-jWJCdp-aKLUb6-8keaza-goyLek-9VV1Kw-dicJ4d-gtqZyF-aaHcvL-iUnwGC-nC8ZGb-gFx5Lb-ghPWEX-akwzhq-kwRS1-5efA2G-aASKoL-coRFgj-fP3Wx2-nMTqU6-5aiMfv-fbJNor-eMkaY7-7efKry-5ao3MY-bHkaVp-6utPrU-ur2Nd-aP9Mrt-mnSoeX-apZ9fH-9VSbAB-PraNM-8L9xA-7TgCyx\">shioshvili<\/a><\/span> ,CC licensed\uff09<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u51f1\u897f\u514b\u7576\u5730\u8207\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5de5\u5320\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u65bc\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u958b\u59cb\u7528\u6728\u982d\u5305\u4f4f\u77f3\u58a8\uff08\u96d6\u7136\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u8aaa\u540c\u671f\u7684\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u624d\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u5de5\u6cd5\u7684\u59cb\u7956\uff09\u3002\u51f1\u897f\u514b\u7576\u5730\u4e26\u4e0d\u9f13\u52f5\u77f3\u58a8\u5916\u92b7\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u5c0f\u57ce\u4e5f\u5f88\u5feb\u6210\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u5168\u7403\u7684\u925b\u7b46\u751f\u7522\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000\"><strong>\u52c3\u6d1b\u5cb1\u723e\u662f\u7576\u6642\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u50c5\u6709\u7684\u9ad8\u7d14\u5ea6\u77f3\u58a8\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u574e\u5e03\u91cc\u4e9e\u9ed1\u925b\uff08Cumbrian 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wadd\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5eb7\u7279\u51fa\u65bc\u4ed6\u5c0d\u77f3\u58a8\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u638c\u63e1\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u5c31\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u88fd\u7a0b\uff0c\u662f\u628a\u7c89\u72c0\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u8ddf\u9ecf\u571f\u6df7\u5408\u505a\u6210\u7d30\u687f\u5f8c\u9001\u5165\u7aaf\u71d2\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6771\u897f\u6bd4\u7d14\u77f3\u58a8\u8106\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u54c1\u8cea\u512a\u65bc\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u7522\u54c1\u3002\u5eb7\u7279\u5728\u4e00\u4e03\u4e5d\u4e94\u5e74\u7533\u8acb\u4e86\u5c08\u5229\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u77f3\u58a8\u52a0\u9ecf\u571f\u4ecd\u820a\u662f\u925b\u7b46\u751f\u7522\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u914d\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/\/buzzorange.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/pencil.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-45987 alignleft\" src=\"\/\/buzzorange.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/pencil-735x1024.jpg\" alt=\"0artwrok 03\" width=\"149\" height=\"208\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u672c\u6587\u70ba\u300a<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"\/\/www.readingtimes.com.tw\/ReadingTimes\/default.aspx\">\u6642\u5831\u51fa\u7248<\/a><\/span>\u300b\u6388\u6b0a\u520a\u8f09\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"\/\/search.books.com.tw\/exep\/prod_search.php?key=%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E2%80%A7%E6%B2%83%E5%BE%B7&amp;f=author\">\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u2027\u6c83\u5fb7<\/a><\/span>\uff0c\u9996\u5716\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u53d6\u81ea<a href=\"https:\/\/www.liberty.com.tw\/tw\/product\/show.aspx?num=1542&amp;kind=805&amp;page=2\">\u5229\u767e\u4ee3\u5b98\u7db2<\/a>\uff0c\u6b32\u95b1\u5168\u6587\u8acb\u898b<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"\/\/search.books.com.tw\/exep\/prod_search.php?key=%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E2%80%A7%E6%B2%83%E5%BE%B7&amp;f=author\">\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u2027\u6c83\u5fb7<\/a><\/span>\u65b0\u4f5c\u300a<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"\/\/www.books.com.tw\/products\/0010690014\">\u6587\u5177\u5011\u7684\u767e\u5e74\u6f14\u5316\u53f2\u300a\u8ab0\u628a\u6a61\u76ae\u64e6\u6234\u5728\u925b\u7b46\u7684\u982d\u4e0a\uff1f\u300b<\/a><\/span>\u300b\uff0c\u975e\u7d93\u5141\u8a31\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u8f49\u8f09\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u925b\u7b46\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u5f88\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u90fd\u662f\u5f9e\u5c0f\u5c31\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u5148\u7d93\u904e\u925b\u7b46\u9019\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u624d\u300c\u7562\u696d\u300d\u9032\u5165\u5230\u58a8\u6c34\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u88e1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u925b\u7b46\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e00\u5b9a\u65e9\u65bc\u58a8\u6c34\u7b46\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u932f\u89ba\u3002 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