{"id":13962,"date":"2015-12-17T01:00:34","date_gmt":"2015-12-29T17:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/2015\/12\/17\/imagined-communities-reflections-on-the-origin-and-spread-of-nationalism\/"},"modified":"2015-12-17T01:00:34","modified_gmt":"2015-12-29T17:00:34","slug":"imagined-communities-reflections-on-the-origin-and-spread-of-nationalism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/2015\/12\/17\/imagined-communities-reflections-on-the-origin-and-spread-of-nationalism\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u300b\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u4e2d\u570b\u5728\u570b\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u5c31\u8d8a\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u53f0\u7063\u7368\u7acb\u4e8b\u5be6"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p><span class=\"s1\">\u300aBO\u300b\u5c0e\u8b80\uff1a\u73ed\u7d0d\u8fea\u514b\uff0e\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\uff08Benedict Anderson\uff09\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u6771\u5357\u4e9e\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u65bc 2015\u5e74 12 \u6708 12 \u65e5\u65bc\u5370\u5c3c\u746a\u7405\uff08Malang\uff09\u901d\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e74 79 \u6b72\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u662f\u5eb7\u4e43\u723e\u5927\u5b78\u570b\u969b\u7814\u7a76 Aaron L. Binenjorb \u8b1b\u5ea7\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u540d\u8457\u300a\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u6c11\u65cf\u662f\u300c\u4e00\u7a2e\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u81ea\u5f9e 1983 \u5e74\u554f\u4e16\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u88ab\u8b6f\u6210 31 \u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u662f\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u5fc5\u8b80\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u66f4\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u4e4b\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u66fe\u5728 2003 \u5e74\u30012010 \u5e74\u4f86\u8a2a\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u5c0d\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u8655\u5883\u8207\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u767c\u8868\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u7576\u6642\u4ed6\u66fe\u8ac7\u5230\u5c0d\u4e8c\u4e8c\u516b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u4ee5\u611b\u723e\u862d\u722d\u53d6\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u63d0\u9192\u53f0\u7063\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u300c<span style=\"color: #800000\">\u5c31\u50cf\u611b\u723e\u862d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u6578\u767e\u5e74\u4e2d\u627f\u53d7\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u82e6\u96e3\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u53f0\u7063\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u91cd\u8e48\u611b\u723e\u862d\u7684\u8986\u8f4d\uff0c\u9577\u671f\u9677\u5165\u5730\u65b9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u7121\u6cd5\u5fd8\u61f7\u7684\u6028\u6068\u4e4b\u4e2d<\/span>\u300d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aaa\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u7d55\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u907a\u5fd8\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u73fe\u5728\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c<span style=\"color: #800000\">\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u9ed1\u6697\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u524d\u65b9\u5411\u6211\u5011\u62db\u624b\u7684\u5149\u660e\u3002<\/span>\u300d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/c2.staticflickr.com\/6\/5574\/15019873456_7f298ca291_z.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>\uff08\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/nasamarshall\/15019873456\/in\/photolist-oTfM6s-MRvN2-uEUcVo-cqz8nA-aAW4dQ-MRod1-MQUhd-MRoJd-dnUDC8-dnUL4U-dnUEuM-dnUJRA-dnUDxk-dnUDox-dnUKps-dnUEzt-dnUJFy-dnUKzh-dnUKRU-dnUEhg-dnUJTu-dnUL1E-dnUE1K-dnUDNc-dnUK8q-dnUDtB-dnUK3q-dnUJKs-dnUKc3-dnUEit-dnUJLQ-dnUKUd-dnUEbe-dnUDU4-dnUKvu-dnUKuA-dnUJUq-dnUEst-dnUJMN-dnUDSZ-dnUDgP-dnUL8C-dnUL6W-dnUDyK-dnUEcx-dnUKsj-dnUKBU-dnUKhY-dnUEpx-dnUE8K\">NASA&#8217;s Marshall Space Flight Center<\/a><\/span>\uff0cCC license\uff09<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<blockquote><p>\u300aBO\u300b\u7de8\u6309\uff1a2003 \u5e74\u73ed\u7d0d\u8fea\u514b\uff0e\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u4f86\u8a2a\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u6536\u9304\u81ea\u300a\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\uff0c\u56e0\u5168\u6587\u8a2a\u8ac7\u6709\u5341\u4e00\u842c\u5b57\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5247\u662f\u6458\u9304\u7cbe\u83ef\u7247\u6bb5\u4ee5\u9957\u8b80\u8005\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u5728\u9019\u5834\u6f14\u8b1b\u7684\u958b\u7aef\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u9808\u5148\u627f\u8a8d\u6211\u611f\u5230\u7dca\u5f35\u800c\u5c37\u5c2c\u3002\u6211\u78ba\u4fe1\u5728\u5ea7\u5404\u4f4d\u5927\u591a\u5df2\u7d93\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u6211\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u6606\u660e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u7684\u7236\u89aa\u80fd\u5920\u6d41\u66a2\u7121\u7919\u5730\u807d\u3001\u8aaa\u3001\u66f8\u5beb\u4ee5\u53ca\u95b1\u8b80\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u672c\u4eba\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\u3001\u81fa\u7063\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u537b\u6975\u7aef\u7121\u77e5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u4e0d\u61c2\u9019\u4e9b\u5730\u5340\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e4b\u6545\uff0c\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u5404\u4f4d\u80fd\u5920\u8ad2\u89e3\u6211\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u767c\u8a00\u4e2d\u6240\u72af\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u505a\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u9810\u8a2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6211\u60f3\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u7684\u9748\u611f\uff0c\u5f97\u4e4b\u65bc\u5169\u500b\u4f86\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u4f86\u6e90\u662f\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u3001\u5317\u7f8e\u3001\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u3001\u4e2d\u6771\u7b49\u5730\u5b78\u8853\u754c\u5c0d\u300c\u5e1d\u570b\u300d\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u65bc\u7d04\u7565\u5f9e 1750 \u5e74\u81f3\u4eca\u9019\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u5167\u5404\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u7d93\u9a57\u4e4b\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u8208\u8da3\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u884d\u751f\u81ea\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u6b77\u4efb\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4f5c\u70ba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5c07\u7f8e\u570b\u9019\u7a2e\u6d0b\u6d0b\u81ea\u5f97\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6027\u652f\u914d\u52a0\u4ee5\u7406\u8ad6\u5316\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u5b78\u8005\u73fe\u5728\u5c0d\u7f8e\u5229\u5805\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u2500\u2500\u4ed6\u5011\u6307\u7684\u7576\u7136\u662f\u826f\u6027\u7684\u5e1d\u570b\u2500\u2500\u516c\u7136\u5f15\u4ee5\u70ba\u50b2\uff0c\u4ee5\u70ba\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u7f8e\u570b\u5728\u570b\u969b\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u9084\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u5247\u662f\u884d\u751f\u81ea\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u8ad6\u5f0f\u7684\u5a01\u4fe1\uff08teleological prestige\uff09\u7684\u666e\u904d\u8870\u9000\u3002<em>\uff3b\u8a3b 1\uff3d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6642\u9593\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c<span style=\"color: #800000\"><strong>\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5730\u8996\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u9081\u5411\u5f8c\u5e1d\u570b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5d84\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u66f4\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u3001\u66f4\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u6b65\u3002<\/strong><\/span>\u7136\u800c\u8aa0\u5982\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u90a6\uff08Eric Hobsbawm\uff09\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u7576\u4e2d\u6240\u5448\u73fe\u7684\uff0c<span style=\"color: #800000\"><strong>\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6210\u70ba\u666e\u4e16\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u7121\u7591\u5730\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5145\u6eff\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u3001\u6700\u5177\u6bc0\u6ec5\u6027\u7684\u4e16\u7d00<\/strong><\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u89c0\u9ede\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c07\u5e1d\u570b\u7f8e\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9084\u5c0d\u5e1d\u570b\u611f\u5230\u61f7\u820a\u7684\u601d\u8003\u50be\u5411\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u8b8a\u6210\u5c0f\u570b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u66fe\u7d93\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u7d1a\u5927\u570b\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u570b\u5bb6\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u50be\u5411\u6700\u5f37\u3002\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u8207\u6cd5\u570b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u2500\u2500\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u5b83\u8996\u70ba\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8a71\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u9019\u7a2e\u50be\u5411\u4e5f\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u660e\u986f\u53ef\u898b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u5ba3\u50b3\u73fe\u5728\u88ab\u5c08\u9580\u7528\u4f86\u6b4c\u980c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u9084\u88ab\u8511\u8996\u70ba\u6b98\u66b4\u525d\u524a\u7684\u58d3\u8feb\u8005\u7684\u5e1d\u738b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u4e5f\u770b\u5230\u5c0d\u820a\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u9762\u5411\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u516c\u958b\u7684\u8b9a\u7f8e\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u611f\u5230\u592a\u9a5a\u8a1d\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u65e5\u672c\u4f54\u9818\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u6b77\u7d93\u5404\u570b\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7af6\u8cfd\u6642\u523b<\/h2>\n<p>\u95dc\u65bc\u5b98\u65b9\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u8a18\u4f4f\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u578b\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8b1b\u5230\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u6211\u4eca\u5929\u6f14\u8b1b\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u7d50\u8ad6\u5df2\u7d93\u547c\u4e4b\u6b32\u51fa\u4e86\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u9818\u6709\u81fa\u7063\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u767c\u751f\u5728\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6642\u6a5f\uff1a<span style=\"color: #800000\"><strong>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5404\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u570b\u5bb6\u525b\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u5730\u76f8\u4e92\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u6642\u523b\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5f8c\u85e4\u65b0\u5e73\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5f9e\u4efb\u4f55\u6bd4\u8f03\u6b96\u6c11\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u8b93\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u8ad6\u8005\u7d93\u5e38\u6307\u51fa\u4ed6\u5c0d\u4e9e\u6d32\u9130\u8fd1\u6b96\u6c11\u7d71\u6cbb\u6240\u505a\u7684\u7d30\u5bc6\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u4ed6\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u500b\u9019\u9ebc\u505a\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5230 1900 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1900 \u5e74\u5230 1910 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style=\"color: #800000\"><strong>\u7687\u5e1d\u2500\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e26\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u5408\u7406\u5316\u2500\u2500\u5b83\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u81ea\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/span>\u7136\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5f62\u5f0f\u537b\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u88ab\u8feb\u8981\u5c0b\u627e\u5408\u7406\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002<span style=\"color: #800000\"><strong>\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u9700\u8981\u53d6\u5f97\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5fc5\u9808\u5c55\u73fe\u8db3\u4ee5\u8b49\u660e\u5176\u9053\u5fb7\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u6210\u679c<\/strong><\/span>\u2500\u2500\u5c31\u7b97\u53ea\u662f\u7d71\u8a08\u4e0a\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u4e5f\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b78\u6821\u548c\u5927\u5b78\u5728 1910 \u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u6210\u679c\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u5f9e 1900 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style=\"color: #800000\"><strong>\u5982\u679c\u6b96\u6c11\u6bcd\u570b\u8d8a\u662f\u7528\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u800c\u975e\u4ee5\u300c\u7687\u6b0a\u300d\u4f86\u754c\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5c31\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u7d71\u6cbb\u9677\u5165\u4e00\u7a2e\u958b\u59cb\u4ee4\u4eba\u89ba\u5f97\u96e3\u4ee5\u5fcd\u53d7\u7684\u5357\u975e\u5f0f\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8655\u5883\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u7d71\u6cbb\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\uff0c\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u7d55\u5c0d\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2<\/h2>\n<p>\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u611b\u723e\u862d\u7684\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u4eba\u78b0\u5230\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5728\u4f4d\u516d\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u5973\u738b\u2571\u5973\u7687\u5728 1901 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1863 \u5e74\u89e3\u653e\u5168\u7f8e\u570b\u9ed1\u5974\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\u8996\u70ba\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u6216\u8f49\u623e\u9ede\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u7f8e\u570b\u5167\u6230\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u5357\u8ecd\u52dd\u5229\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u5f88\u96e3\u76f8\u4fe1\u5974\u96b8\u5236\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7dad\u6301\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5974\u96b8\u5236\u5230 1888 \u5e74\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7d55\u8de1\u4e86\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u500b\u6848\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u985e\u6bd4\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u5728 1922 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\u5e74\u505a\u51fa\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u5c55\u958b\u5168\u9762\u6230\u722d\u9019\u500b\u6975\u7aef\u611a\u8822\u548c\u4ee3\u50f9\u6602\u8cb4\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff08\u9019\u500b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7d50\u679c\u4e5f\u662f\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e2d\u570b\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u5167\u90e8\u653f\u6cbb\u9b25\u722d\u7372\u5f97\u6700\u5f8c\u52dd\u5229\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f8c\u4f86\u5411\u6771\u5357\u4e9e\u64f4\u5f35\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u80cc\u5f8c\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6b77\u53f2\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u7576\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7576\u6642\u6c92\u6709\u505a\u9019\u4e9b\u50bb\u4e8b\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u8ab0\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u5be6\u529b\u53bb\u6311\u6230\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u81fa\u7063\u548c\u671d\u9bae\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u7d71\u6cbb\u2500\u2500\u9664\u4e86\u81fa\u7063\u4eba\u548c\u671d\u9bae\u4eba\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u4e5f\u7d55\u975e\u6240\u6709\u81fa\u7063\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u671d\u9bae\u4eba\u90fd\u6703\u9019\u9ebc\u505a\u3002\u81fa\u7063\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u300c\u91d1\u5eab\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u963f\u723e\u53ca\u5229\u4e9e\u4e4b\u65bc\u6cd5\u570b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7dec\u7538\u4e4b\u65bc\u82f1\u570b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u65e5\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u52d5\u6230\u722d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u5f88\u96e3\u60f3\u50cf\u81fa\u7063\u548c\u671d\u9bae\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u80fd\u5920\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7dad\u6301\u7576\u6642\u88ab\u6b96\u6c11\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u82e5\u7576\u6642\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u8ce6\u4e88\u53f0\u7063\u81ea\u6cbb\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u73fe\u4eca\u53f0\u65e5\u95dc\u4fc2\u6703\u66f4\u52a0\u7dca\u5bc6<\/h2>\n<p>\u611b\u723e\u862d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u548c\u81fa\u7063\u505a\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6d77\u5cf6\u500b\u6848\u3002\u502b\u6566\u7576\u5c40\u5728 1830 \u5e74\u4ee3\u88ab\u8feb\u7d42\u6b62\u5c0d\u611b\u723e\u862d\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u53c3\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u5211\u7f70\u5f0f\u9650\u5236\u3002\u6295\u7968\u6b0a\u5feb\u901f\u64f4\u5f35\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u5168\u9762\u666e\u9078\u6b0a\u5728 1860 \u5e74\u4ee3\u9054\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u53c8\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u570b\u6703\u5167\u90e8\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5f37\u6709\u529b\u7684\uff08\u611b\u723e\u862d\uff09\u6295\u7968\u96c6\u5718\uff0c\u5b83\u751a\u81f3\u6210\u70ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u54ea\u500b\u653f\u9ee8\u53d6\u5f97\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u611b\u723e\u862d\u7368\u7acb\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u653f\u6cbb\u624d\u6062\u5fa9\u300c\u6b63\u5e38\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d\u6771\u4eac\u7d42\u65bc\u7121\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u5730\u5fc5\u9808\u505a\u51fa\u653f\u6cbb\u6574\u5408\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u2500\u2500\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8ce6\u4e88\u81fa\u7063\u548c\u671d\u9bae\u6210\u5e74\u7537\u6027\u9078\u6c11\u65e5\u672c\u570b\u6703\u8b70\u54e1\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5e2d\u6b21\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u65e5\u672c\u570b\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u671d\u9bae\u96c6\u5718\u548c\u81fa\u7063\u96c6\u5718\u7684\u4efd\u91cf\uff0c\u52e2\u5fc5\u6703\u5728\u570b\u6703\u88e1\u5275\u9020\u4e00\u500b\u53cd\u5e38\u800c\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000\"><strong>\u9072\u65e9\uff0c\u6771\u4eac\u7576\u5c40\u6703\u53d7\u4e0d\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6703\u8f49\u800c\u671d\u5728\u6f22\u57ce\u548c\u81fa\u5317\u8a2d\u7acb\u5730\u65b9\u8b70\u6703\u3001\u8ce6\u4e88\u81ea\u6cbb\u6b0a\u3001\u81ea\u6cbb\u9818\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u6700\u7d42\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u6703\u662f\uff0c\u81fa\u7063\u8207\u671d\u9bae\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u7dad\u6301\u67d0\u7a2e\u300c\u7d50\u76df\u300d\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u7368\u7acb\uff08allied independence\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u7d71\u6cbb\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u5df4\u9ece\u7576\u5c40\u4e4b\u6e34\u671b\u64fa\u812b\u963f\u723e\u53ca\u5229\u4e9e\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u540c\u963f\u723e\u53ca\u5229\u4e9e\u4eba\u60f3\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u71b1\u5207\u3002\u5728\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u502b\u6566\u548c\u90fd\u67cf\u6797\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u963f\u723e\u5409\u723e\u548c\u5df4\u9ece\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u5c31\u5f88\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9084\u76f8\u7576\u7dca\u5bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e2d\u570b\u5730\u5716\u4e0d\u53ea\u51fa\u73fe\u897f\u85cf\u3001\u5167\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u8207\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u5176\u5be6\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u81fa\u7063\u6d77\u5cfd\u7684\u5c0d\u5cb8\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u3002\u5916\u570b\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u751a\u81f3\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2d\u570b\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u66fe\u7d93\u5632\u5f04\u4e00\u4e9b 1940 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u524d\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u602a\u7570\u5730\u5716\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4e2d\u570b\u5730\u5716\u51fa\u4eba\u610f\u8868\u5730\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ea\u81fa\u7063\u3001\u897f\u85cf\u3001\u5167\u5916\u8499\u53e4\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u7dec\u7538\u3001\u8d8a\u5357\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e2d\u4e9e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000\"><strong>\u9019\u4e9b\u5730\u5716\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u5c0d\u5148\u524d\u6578\u4e16\u7d00\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u671d\u4ee3\u7684\u5f81\u4f10\u6216\u5f37\u5236\u6027\u671d\u8ca2\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5922\u60f3\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u7dec\u7538\u5f9e\u4f86\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8d8a\u5357\u5317\u90e8\u5f9e\u5510\u4ee3\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u9818\u571f\u3002<span style=\"color: #800000\"><strong>\u81fa\u7063\u5728 1895 \u5e74\u5c31\u300c\u4e1f\u4e86\u300d\u3002<\/strong><\/span>\u9060\u5927\u65bc\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u5f8c\uff0c\u800c\u6771\u5317\u5730\u5340\u5247\u662f\u5728 1931 \u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u3002\u7d93\u904e\u82e5\u5e72\u6642\u65e5\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5df2\u7d93\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u8d8a\u5357\u3001\u7dec\u7538\u3001\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u7368\u7acb\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u6536\u5fa9\u4e86\u6771\u5317\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000\"><strong>\u6211\u770b\u4e0d\u51fa\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u6703\u4f7f\u5317\u4eac\u4e0d\u6703\u5728\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u8abf\u6574\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u9806\u61c9\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u3002<\/strong><strong>\u81fa\u7063\u812b\u96e2\u5317\u4eac\u63a7\u5236\u5df2\u7d93\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u9060\u8f03\u8499\u53e4\u66f4\u4e45\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u4e2d\u570b\u5728\u570b\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8abf\u6574\u8207\u9806\u61c9\uff0c\u5c31\u8d8a\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u6709\u570b\u5bb6\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u90fd\u75db\u6068\u300c\u4e1f\u6389\u300d\u9818\u571f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u6703\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u8abf\u6574\u9069\u61c9\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u5728\u6cd5\u570b\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u61f7\u5ff5\u963f\u723e\u53ca\u5229\u4e9e\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u61f7\u5ff5\u611b\u723e\u862d\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u6562\u8aaa\u5f88\u5c11\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u6703\u771f\u7684\u300c\u61f7\u5ff5\u300d\u8499\u53e4\u3002<span style=\"color: #800000\"><strong>\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u6c11\u7e3d\u662f\u77ad\u89e3\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u5e1d\u570b\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5dee\u7570\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><em>\u2014\u20142003 \u5e74 12 \u6708 20 \u65e5\uff0c\u81fa\u7063\u81fa\u5317\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<p><sub>\uff3b\u8a3b 1\uff3d\u610f\u6307\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5177\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5a01\u4fe1\u3002\u6839\u64da\u6b64\u7a2e\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5fc5\u7136\u5c07\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u9010\u6b65\u63a8\u5411\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u7d42\u6975\u76ee\u7684\uff08telos\uff09\u3002<\/sub><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/\/buzzorange.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/cover1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-51069 alignleft\" src=\"\/\/buzzorange.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/cover1-687x1024.jpg\" alt=\"cover\" width=\"160\" height=\"238\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u672c\u6587\u70ba\u300a<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"\/\/www.books.com.tw\/web\/sys_puballb\/books\/?pubid=ctpubco\">\u6642\u5831\u51fa\u7248<\/a><\/span>\u300b\u6388\u6b0a\u520a\u8f09\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"\/\/search.books.com.tw\/exep\/prod_search.php?key= \u73ed\u7d0d\u8fea\u514b %EF%BC%8E \u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee&amp;f=author\">\u73ed\u7d0d\u8fea\u514b\uff0e\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\uff08Benedict Anderson\uff09<\/a><\/span>\uff0c\u8b6f\u8005\uff1a<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"\/\/search.books.com.tw\/exep\/prod_search.php?key=%E5%90%B3%E5%8F%A1%E4%BA%BA&amp;f=author\">\u5433\u53e1\u4eba<\/a><\/span>\uff1b\u9996\u5716\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/nasamarshall\/15019873456\/in\/photolist-oTfM6s-MRvN2-uEUcVo-cqz8nA-aAW4dQ-MRod1-MQUhd-MRoJd-dnUDC8-dnUL4U-dnUEuM-dnUJRA-dnUDxk-dnUDox-dnUKps-dnUEzt-dnUJFy-dnUKzh-dnUKRU-dnUEhg-dnUJTu-dnUL1E-dnUE1K-dnUDNc-dnUK8q-dnUDtB-dnUK3q-dnUJKs-dnUKc3-dnUEit-dnUJLQ-dnUKUd-dnUEbe-dnUDU4-dnUKvu-dnUKuA-dnUJUq-dnUEst-dnUJMN-dnUDSZ-dnUDgP-dnUL8C-dnUL6W-dnUDyK-dnUEcx-dnUKsj-dnUKBU-dnUKhY-dnUEpx-dnUE8K\">NASA&#8217;s Marshall Space Flight Center<\/a><\/span>\uff0cCC license \uff1b\u6b32\u95b1\u5168\u6587\u8acb\u898b\u73ed\u7d0d\u8fea\u514b\uff0e\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"\/\/www.books.com.tw\/exep\/assp.php\/Techorange\/products\/0010468357?utm_source=Techorange&amp;utm_medium=ap-books&amp;utm_content=recommend&amp;utm_campaign=ap-201512\">\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\uff1a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u8207\u6563\u5e03<\/a><\/span>\u300b\uff0c\u975e\u7d93\u5141\u8a31\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u8f49\u8f09\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"\/\/buzzorange.com\/2015\/06\/18\/uighurs-are-like-pandas\/\">\u300c\u6211\u5011\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0d\u540c\u3001\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e0d\u540c\u8207\u6f22\u4eba\u7d72\u6beb\u7121\u95dc\uff01\u300d\u7dad\u543e\u723e\u4eba\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u8a72\u7368\u7acb<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"\/\/buzzorange.com\/2015\/11\/24\/china-development\/\">\u6233\u7834\u4e2d\u570b\u300c\u767c\u5c55\u5c31\u662f\u786c\u9053\u7406\u300d\u7684\u795e\u8a71\uff0d\u90a3\u53ea\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb\u7d71\u6cbb\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u624b\u6bb5<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"\/\/buzzorange.com\/2015\/11\/12\/china-democracy\/\">\u4e2d\u570b\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7121\u6cd5\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb6\uff1f<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"\/\/buzzorange.com\/2015\/09\/10\/china-celebrates-tibets-50th-anniversary-as-conflict-with-dalai-lama-continues\/\">\u4e2d\u570b\u6176\u795d\u897f\u85cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u5340 50 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\u4ed6\u662f\u5eb7\u4e43\u723e\u5927\u5b78\u570b\u969b\u7814[&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":109,"featured_media":32963,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[1373,169,624],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13962"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/109"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13962"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13962\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32963"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13962"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13962"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13962"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}