{"id":13501,"date":"2016-03-16T14:04:07","date_gmt":"2016-03-16T06:04:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/2016\/03\/16\/putnam-died\/"},"modified":"2016-03-16T14:04:07","modified_gmt":"2016-03-16T06:04:07","slug":"putnam-died","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buzzorange.com\/citiorange\/2016\/03\/16\/putnam-died\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8457\u540d\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u666e\u7279\u5357\u75c5\u901d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u300c\u6876\u4e2d\u4e4b\u8166\u300d\u5c07\u7e7c\u7e8c\u6210\u70ba\u96fb\u5f71\u597d\u984c\u6750"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"mw-mmv-final-image mw-mmv-dialog-is-open aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/62\/Hilary_Putnam.jpg\/800px-Hilary_Putnam.jpg\" alt=\"Hilary Putnam.jpg\" width=\"483\" height=\"687\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u666e\u7279\u5357\u65bc 3 \u6708 13 \u65e5\u56e0\u764c\u75c7\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e74 89 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href=\"http:\/\/putnamphil.blogspot.tw\/2014\/10\/what-wiki-doesnt-know-about-me-in-1976.html\">\u5bec\u9b06\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005<\/a><\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u6216\u8a31\u6c92\u807d\u904e\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u807d\u904e\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u591a\u534a\u77e5\u9053<\/span>\u4ed6\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5be6\u9a57\uff1a<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u6876\u4e2d\u8166<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u5e7b\u89ba\uff0c\u5687\u4e0d\u5012\u6211\u7684\uff01<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5927\u5bb6\u591a\u5c11\u90fd\u807d\u904e\u54f2\u5b78\u540d\u8a00\u300c<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u6211\u601d<\/span>\uff0c<span style=\"color: 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#ff6600;\">\u865b\u5047\u7684<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u767c\u751f\u5728\u5922\u5883\u88e1\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5c31\u5012\u56de\u4f86\u60f3\uff1a\u7a76\u7adf\u4ec0\u9ebc\u624d\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u7684\uff1f\u7b1b\u5361\u723e\u60f3\u4e86\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u5f8c\u767c\u73fe\uff1a\u96d6\u7136\u6211\u61f7\u7591\u5916\u5728\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u865b\u5047\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u300c<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u6211\u61f7\u7591<\/span>\u300d\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e00\u5b9a<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u7684<\/span>\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u300c\u6211\u601d\uff0c\u6545\u6211\u5728\u300d\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff01\u800c\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e5f\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u4ed6\u5f8c\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u790e\u77f3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5230\u4e86 1981 \u5e74\uff0c\u666e\u7279\u5357\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300c<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u6876\u4e2d\u4e4b\u8166<\/span>\u300d\u601d\u60f3\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u628a\u7b1b\u5361\u723e\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u66f4\u52a0\u5f37\u5316\u3002\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5927\u8166\u662f\u7531\u8a31\u591a\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u96fb\u6d41\u8a0a\u865f\u4f86\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u5982\u679c\u6709\u500b\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u6587\u660e\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u8166\u5b50\u6458\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u653e\u9032\u4e00\u500b\u6876\u72c0\u7dad\u751f\u7cfb\u7d71\u88e1\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5c0d\u4f60\u7684\u8166\u5b50\u65bd\u52a0\u523a\u6fc0\u8b93\u4f60\u300c<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u8a8d\u70ba<\/span>\u300d\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u770b\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6216\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u6240\u300c<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u611f\u89ba<\/span>\u300d\u5230\u7684<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u5047\u7684<\/span>\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/c2.staticflickr.com\/8\/7098\/7301506118_210d4f372a_b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/isaiah115\/7301506118\/sizes\/l\">Isaiah115<\/a><\/span>\uff0cCC Licensed\u3002)<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u6545\u4e8b\u60c5\u7bc0\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u96fb\u5f71\u300a\u99ed\u5ba2\u4efb\u52d9\u300b\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u865b\u5047\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u3002(\u6216\u8005\u61c9\u8a72\u8aaa\u99ed\u5ba2\u4efb\u52d9\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u501f\u93e1\u6876\u4e2d\u8166\u7684\u6982\u5ff5) \u5728\u96fb\u5f71\u4e2d\uff0c\u6551\u4e16\u4e3b\u5c3c\u6b50\u9700\u8981\u5403\u5c0f\u85e5\u4e38\u624d\u80fd\u56de\u5230\u771f\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4f46\u666e\u7279\u5357\u8a8d\u70ba<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u96fb\u5f71\u60c5\u7bc0\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u6839\u672c\u7121\u6cd5\u8a8d\u77e5\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u771f\u5be6<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u662f\u6d3b\u5728\u5e7b\u89ba\u4e2d\u300c\u6876\u4e2d\u4e4b\u8166\u300d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u300c\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u6876\u4e2d\u4e4b\u8166\u300d\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e5f\u662f\u5e7b\u89ba\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8aaa\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u6876\u4e2d\u4e4b\u8166\u3002(\u56e0\u70ba\u81f3\u5c11\u5c31\u7b97\u771f\u7684\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u89ba\u5230\u3002)<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6876\u4e2d\u8166\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u666e\u7279\u5357\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6c92\u90a3\u9ebc\u6709\u540d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5be6\u9a57\uff1a\u96d9\u751f\u5730\u7403\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u96de\u540c\u9d28\u8b1b\u7684\u5b7f\u751f\u5730\u7403 \u2500 \u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u610f\u7fa9\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u5f88\u500b\u4eba\u5f88\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u6240\u7522\u751f\u51fa\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5c0d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u6709\u4e9b\u5fae\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002\uff0c\u800c\u666e\u7279\u5357\u5c31\u5728 1973 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u96d9\u751f\u5730\u7403<\/span>\u601d\u60f3\u5be6\u9a57\u4f86\u63a2\u8a0e\u300c<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u610f\u7fa9<\/span>\u300d<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u7684\u610f\u7fa9<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u96d9\u751f\u5730\u7403\u88e1\uff0c\u666e\u7279\u5357\u8a66\u5716\u8b49\u660e\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u8981<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u4f9d\u9760\u5916\u754c\u7684\u4e8b\u7269<\/span>\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5148\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u50cf\u4e00\u500b\u9059\u9060\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u88cf\u982d\u6709\u500b\u8ddf\u5730\u7403\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u661f\u7403\uff0c\u5c31\u9023\u88cf\u982d\u7684\u6587\u660e\u8ddf\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u59d1\u4e14\u628a\u5b83\u53eb\u505a\u300c\u5730\u7403\u4e8c\u865f\u300d\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u500b\u5730\u7403\u4e8c\u865f\u8ddf\u6211\u5011\u552f\u4e00\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u662f\u300c\u6c34\u300d\u9019\u500b\u900f\u660e\u3001\u7121\u8272\u7121\u5473\u7684\u6db2\u9ad4\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5730\u7403\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u662f H2O\uff0c\u800c\u5730\u7403\u4e8c\u865f\u7684\u7248\u672c\u5247\u662f XYZ\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5206\u5b50\u7d50\u69cb\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6c34\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\u7121\u8ad6\u5728\u7269\u529b\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u6216\u751f\u6d3b\u7528\u9014\u4e0a\u5728\u5169\u500b\u5730\u7403\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u5dee\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u5730\u7403\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u5230\u300c\u6c34\u300d\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5b57\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u610f\u7fa9\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u76f8\u540c<\/span>\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u504f\u504f\u7576\u5169\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u4ea4\u6d41\u300c\u6c34\u300d\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u6240\u6307\u7684\u6771\u897f\u53c8\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23<\/span>\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u5c31\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u610f\u7fa9\u9019\u6771\u897f\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u6211\u5011\u8166\u5b50\u88cf\u982d\uff0c\u800c\u8207\u5b83\u6240\u6307\u6d89\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u4e5f\u6709\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u9818\u57df\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u666e\u7279\u5357\u4e5f\u662f\u5de6\u6d3e\u652f\u6301\u8005\u3002\u5728 1960 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u6d3b\u8e8d\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u6c11\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u8207\u53cd\u8d8a\u6230\u6297\u722d\u4e2d\u3002\u5728 1965 \u5e74\u4ed6\u958b\u59cb\u65bc\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u4efb\u6559\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u7d44\u7e54\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6821\u5b78\u6297\u722d\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e26\u958b\u59cb\u6559\u6388\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u5728 1968 \u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u52a0\u5165\u9032\u6b65\u52de\u5de5\u9ee8 (Progressive Labor Party)\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u99ac\u5217\u4e3b\u7fa9\u653f\u9ee8\uff0c\u4f46\u5728 1972 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style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"\/2015\/12\/02\/death-shelly-kagan-yale\/\">\u9748\u9b42\u771f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u55ce\uff1f\u8036\u9b6f\u5927\u5b78\u6700\u53d7\u6b61\u8fce\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\uff0c\u4eba\u751f\u5fc5\u4fee\u7684\u751f\u6b7b\u5b78<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u666e\u7279\u5357\u65bc 3 \u6708 13 \u65e5\u56e0\u764c\u75c7\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e74 89 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